Close encounter of the third kind
As a close encounter of the third kind ( English close encounter of the third kind , short- CE-3 ) indicate ufologists the sighting of one or more UFO -Insassen by a human observer. It is part of a classification by J. Allen Hynek from 1972, which defines four types of close encounters with UFOs. Hynek's original scale has been expanded several times throughout the history of ufology. Reports of close encounters of the third type have been classified as " psychological cases" by the US Air Force .
The phenomenon was also processed several times in the entertainment industry, for example in the films Uncanny Encounters of the Third Kind and The Fourth Kind .
Examples
Socorro incident
In 1964 in Socorro, New Mexico (USA) , police officer Lonnie Zamora saw an object in the southwestern sky while chasing a car that was too fast. He broke off the mission to instead follow the object that appeared to him 300 meters away. According to Zamora's statement, it was oval and now stood on two supports on the floor. He claims to have seen two men dressed entirely in white standing next to them, who seemed shocked by his presence. Zamora drove about 30 meters to the object and got out, whereupon the flying object should have risen with a roar and moved very quickly.
Other witnesses later came forward who said they had seen something similar. The well-known UFO skeptic Philip J. Klass came to the conclusion that it was a staging to stimulate tourism in the poorly developed Socorro.
Ariel School Encounter
On the morning of September 16, 1994, to 10:15, observed 62 students aged 8 to 12 years of private Ariel Primary School (primary school) in Ruwa ( Zimbabwe ) three unusual objects in the sky. According to the reports, these were round, metallic, and had flashing red lights. They disappeared several times, only to reappear in another part of the sky. After a few minutes, one of the objects slowly sank down and fell to the ground behind a group of trees about 100 meters away from the school building. The school's teachers were at a meeting in the building at the time and dismissed the children's calls as a game.
The students reported that they ran to the suspected landing site. The children's description is consistent in the basic statements: behind the group of trees a large, round, metallic object in the form of a flying saucer stood or floated close to the ground. There was one being with the object, a second one emerged from the object. The beings were described as small, dressed in a kind of black jumpsuit , with pale complexions and large, black, oval eyes and long black hair. The beings would not have spoken. However, some children said they had received words criticizing human degradation. A short time later the object took off again. Many of the students got scared and ran back to the school building, where they informed the teachers. The teachers described the children's behavior as panicking. The teachers who then arrived at the site later stated that no traces of the object or its landing had been found. The statements of the students differed in various details about the appearance of the object and the beings or the course of the encounter.
Investigations
- A first on-site investigation was carried out on September 20, 1994 by journalist Cynthia Hind. This had the students make drawings and carried out interviews with the children, teachers and parents. She concluded that the children would not lie and that their statements were too consistent to be imagined. According to Hinds, the reports are based on a real event.
- The most famous research was carried out in November 1994 by the psychiatrist John E. Mack . He conducted surveys on site over two days and conducted interviews with 12 of the students. Mack concluded that the children “would describe these experiences or events like a person talking about something that happened to them. [...] All the quality and the way they talk about it: It's the way a person talks about something that happened to them. "
- While researching the documentary Encounter in Ruwa: The Ariel School UFO Sighting , filmmaker Randall Nickerson asked many of the students again in 2008 about the case. All the witnesses interviewed confirmed that they had really experienced what was described.
Interpretations
According to Jacques Vallée , most of the inmates observed are humanoid beings who breathe our air and can move around the earth with ease, which speaks against the theory of aliens.
According to Demobly Kokota of the Department of Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, the likely explanation for "Close Encounters of the Third Kind" is mass hysteria.
Individual evidence
- ^ J. Allan Hynek: UFO Report. A research report. Goldmann, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-442-11703-8
- ^ J. Allan Hynek: UFO. Encounters of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd kind. Goldmann, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-442-11205-2
- ^ Jacques Vallée: Dimensions . Munich 1996, p. 356
- ↑ Ronald Story: The Encyclopedia of UFOs , Doubleday, New York 1980, p. 342
- ^ Lonnie Zamora cited in Project Blue Book, case number 8766
- ↑ Keith Thompson: Angels and Other Aliens. UFO phenomena in a new interpretation . Munich 1993, p. 117 ff.
- ↑ Philip Klass: UFOs Explained . Vintage Books, New York 1974, pp. 124-134.
- ↑ a b Cynthia Hind: Ufos Over Africa . 1st edition. Horus House Press, Madison WI 1997, ISBN 978-1-881852-15-5 , pp. 217 ff . (English, main source for the procedural description of the case).
- ↑ Stephane Allix: Experiencer . 13ème RUE, NBC-Universal Channel & Bonne Pioche, 2004 (English, online ( Memento from December 6, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) - TV documentary, quotation from minute 24).
- ↑ Stephen Coan: The day the aliens landed . In: The Witness . Pietermaritzburg April 16, 2008 (English, johnemackinstitute.org [PDF; accessed April 23, 2012]).
- ^ Project page "Encounter in Ruwa: The Ariel School UFO Sighting". John E. Mack Institute, accessed April 23, 2012 (the film is still in production and not yet released at the time of access).
- ^ Jacques Vallée: Dimensions . Munich 1996, p. 304 f.
- ↑ Demobly Kakota: Episodes of mass hysteria in African schools: A study of literature. Malawi Medical Journal, 2011 Sep; 23 (3): 74-77.