Najis

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Najis ( Arabic نجس Nadschis , DMG naǧis , or also Najis ) in Islam denotesthe state of ritual impurity and thus the opposite of Tahāra .

It also describes the presence of ritually impure substances ( najasah ) on the human body, on clothing or on objects.

Religious meaning

If the believer is in a state of ritual impurity, ritual actions such as B. the prayer ( Salāt ) to perform the ritual cleansing. Depending on the type of contamination, either the small ablution ( wudu ' ) or the great ablution ( ghusl ) must be performed. If water is not available, also Tayammum as an alternative .

Types of ritual uncleanliness

Small impurity (khafifa)

By blemishes you lose the state of ritual purity (Tahara). Small impurities are e.g. B .:

  • Going to the toilet
  • Discharge of intestinal gases
  • Touching your own genitals
  • Touching the partner's genitals with lustful motifs

In order to regain ritual purity after a loss of ritual purity caused by a minor impurity, at least the minor ablution (wudu ') must be performed.

Great impurity (Ghaliza)

Great impurities can only be removed with the great ablution (Ghusl), such as:

  • State after sexual intercourse
  • Condition of the woman after the monthly bleeding and the puerperium have ended
  • Condition of the man after ejaculation of semen - also unintentional

Ritually Impure Substances ( Najasah)

Certain things contaminate the body or clothing, so these ritual impurities must be removed. Places can also be contaminated, so that ritual prayer ( salāt ) is not allowed there.

Regarded as ritually impure substances including:

  • Human urine
  • Feces
  • Ejaculate (at least according to the Hanafi school of law )
  • pus
  • Vomit
  • the saliva of a dog, including its damp snout
  • the pig as a whole
  • dead animals and the meat of animals not slaughtered in halal form
  • alcoholic drinks

It should be noted, however: which substances are ultimately najis and which are not, is answered differently by the schools of law . Not all of the things listed above are necessarily classified as najis by all of these. In the Maliki school of law, for example, dog saliva is not regarded as ritually unclean (najis).

If there are ritual impurities on one's own body or on the clothing worn, for example prayer (salāt) is not valid. However, at least within the Hanafi school of law, there is a view that a limited amount of najasah does not invalidate prayer. This would be the case if the liquid ritual impurity on the body and clothing (e.g. dog saliva) corresponds to a maximum of the area of ​​a circle with a diameter of about 5 cm. However, if there is more impurity, the ritual prayer ( salāt ) would not be valid.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The state of great ritual impurity | Handbook for the new Muslim. Retrieved March 22, 2018 .
  2. ↑ What Are the Things Deemed Filthy in the Hanafi school? - SeekersHub Answers . In: SeekersHub Answers . September 27, 2017 ( seekershub.org [accessed March 22, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Najis Mutawassitah . In: Taharah . March 15, 2016 ( wordpress.com [accessed March 22, 2018]).
  4. ↑ Can I Pray in Clothes that Were Licked by a Dog? - SeekersHub Answers . In: SeekersHub Answers . September 4, 2013 ( seekershub.org [accessed March 23, 2018]).
  5. ↑ How Can I Maintain Purity and Pray When I Have a Weak Bladder that Constantly Leaks? - SeekersHub Answers . In: SeekersHub Answers . September 10, 2011 ( seekershub.org [accessed March 22, 2018]).