Narten ablaut
The Narten ablaut is an ablaut in the present stem of verbs that has been reconstructed for the original Indo-European language and is only tangible in sparse remnants . It was first proposed by the linguist Johanna Narten and was later named after her.
It is a variant of the more popular regular root cutting. The latter is characterized by the fact that in the singular the stem has an accent and full stage (i.e. e- vowel) and the personal ending Schwundstufe (i.e. no e -owel), while in the plural the stem Schwundstufe and the personal ending accent and full stage. This situation survives into modern German in the verb for sein , which in the third person is in the singular is-t (from * h₁és-ti ), in the plural is s-ind (from * h₁s-énti ). This education is even more common in languages such as Sanskrit and, overall, easily accessible to Indo-European.
The Narten-Ablaut is distinguished from the regular rooting by the fact that the Ablaut is richer by one Ablaut level. The stem does not have the full stage in the singular, but the expansion stage (long ē vowel) and in the plural it does not show the shrink stage, but the full stage. The accent is always on the trunk. A reconstructed paradigm of the verb for praise is then (present, 3rd person) in the singular * stḗw-ti , in the plural * stéw-n̥ti . However, only the former form (Sanskrit stā́uti ) is really documented , while the latter is only deduced from a participle stávāna- . Another candidate is the verb for verfertigen , of which the Sanskrit forms tā́ṣ-ṭi (sg.) And tákṣ-ati (pl., From * tákṣ-n̥ti ) are occupied.
In the opinion of Kümmel and Melchert, the Narten present tense in the Indo-European original language was not limited to certain roots, but could be used as an alternative present tense formation alongside other (more frequent) present tense formations and then possibly express a special nuance of meaning, e.g. next to * h₁és / * h₁s - 'sein' with Narten ablaut * h₁ḗs / * h₁és- 'sit' (Sanskrit ā́ste 'sits'; in tripod formations the vowelism of the singular is always carried out in the whole paradigm).
Except in the present tense, where it is most likely to be used, a Narten ablaut was also suggested for the aorist .
Formally irrefutable, the Narten ablaut appears particularly clear in system-specific nominal formations such as Latin pēs , Gen. pedis 'foot' from * pḗd-s , Gen. * péd-es .
literature
- Martin J. Kümmel : Wurzelpräsens next to Wurzelorist in Indo-European . In: Historical linguistic research . Volume 111, 1998, pp. 191-208.
- H. Craig Melchert: “Narten formations” versus “Narten roots” . In: Indo-European Research . Volume 119, 2014, pp. 251-258.
- Johanna Narten: On the 'proterodynamic' root cutting. In: Pratidānam: Indian, Iranian and Indo-European Studies. Presented to F. B. J. Kuiper on His Sixtieth Birthday. Mouton, Den Haag 1968, pp. 8-19.
- Xavier Tremblay: To the Narten aorist. In: Günter Schweiger (Ed.): Indogermanica. Festschrift Gert Klingenschmitt. Schweiger VWT, Taimering 2005, ISBN 3-934548-01-6 , pp. 637-664.