Pronatalism

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The (pro) Natalismus (lat. Per "for" and natalis "geburtlich, birth-") is a philosophy that advocates human reproduction. The opposite of pronatalism is antinatalism .

Pronatalism in Politics

Some states pursue pro-natalistic policies to prevent population shrinking or to increase population growth. A strong natalist movement ( mouvement nataliste ) emerged in France at the end of the 19th century. Its umbrella organization was the National Alliance against Depopulation ( Alliance Nationale contre la dépopulation ) founded in 1896 . Your most active publicist was Fernand Boverat (1885–1962), the heir of a wealthy Parisian businessman who was appointed General Secretary of the Alliance Nationale contre la dépopulation in 1914. In 1913 he published the book Patriotisme et paternité (a play on words that can be roughly translated as "Patriotic passion and fatherhood"), in which he pointed out on the title page that Germany had a far higher birthrate than France. As a result, Germany will be able to muster far more soldiers for a long time. The longed-for revenge , the recovery of the territories ceded to Germany after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, will be a long way off without an increase in the birth rate. Boverat became a member of the Conseil supérieur de la natalité , the state advisory board on the promotion of births. Not least as a result of the terrible number of victims in World War I and the influence of the natalist movement, a law was passed in 1920 that supplemented, clarified and sometimes tightened older legal provisions on the punishment of abortion . It provided sentences ranging from six months to three years for involvement in an abortion. The birth promotion measures taken at the time were more important and effective than penal provisions. In the course of natalist politics, the Médaille de la Famille was created - also in 1920 .

A study by the Robert Bosch Foundation also looked into the extent to which a pro-natalistic policy could be successful in Germany. It was found that parents with many children wanted more money, whereas parents with only one child wanted better childcare options. Those with low qualifications were particularly in favor of more financial support. Above all, those with higher qualifications want better childcare. The single parents have a fundamentally higher expectation of family policy and want more help. According to the study, pronatalistic measures could be quite successful:

“The politicians are pleased with the assessment of 80 percent of women who (further) wish to have children that implementing their preferred family policy measures would make it easier for them to have as many children as they would like. 78 percent would "probably decide to have a (further) child" if the services they preferred were introduced. "

Pronatalism in Religion

Herwig Birg was able to observe that almost all world religions have a pro-natalistic attitude. This can be explained by the fact that religious currents, whose biographical directions are indifferent or even hostile to human procreation, produce fewer and fewer children in comparison to birth-promoting religions and hardly address large families. However, since religious socialization begins in childhood and children who have been socially religiously more likely to retain their faith in adulthood, these trends will become stronger for demographic reasons alone. On the other hand, religions that are anti-natalistic - such as Shakerism - are threatened with extinction.

For the biblical request “Be fruitful and multiply” see Dominium terrae .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mireille Le Maguet: L'Alliance Nationale contre la dépopulation, 1896-1987. Un siècle de natalisme français . Diss., Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines 1997.
  2. ^ Fabrice Cahen: Gouverner les mœurs. Lutter contre l'avortement illégal. La lutte contre l'avortement en France, 1890-1950 . Ined éditions, Paris 2016, ISBN 978-2-7332-1062-8 , p. 196.
  3. ↑ Fernand Boverat: Patriotisme et paternité . Grasset, Paris 1913, title page.
  4. ^ Françoise Thébaud: Le mouvement nataliste dans la France de l'entre-deux-guerres. L'Alliance nationale pour l'accroissement de la population française . In: Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine , ISSN  0048-8003 , vol. 32 (1985), pp. 276-301.
  5. ↑ Charlotte Höhn, Andreas Ette, Kerstin Ruckdeschel: Desires for children in Germany - consequences for a sustainable family policy . Federal Institute for Population Research, pp. 46–50.
  6. ↑ Charlotte Höhn, Andreas Ette, Kerstin Ruckdeschel: Desires for children in Germany - consequences for a sustainable family policy . Federal Institute for Population Research, p. 63.
  7. ↑ Herwig Birg: Die Weltbeveverung , Beck 2004, p. 117.
  8. ↑ Michael Blume, Carsten Ramsel, Sven Graupner: Religiosity as a demographic factor - an underestimated connection? Marburg Journal of Religion : Volume 11, No. 1 (June 2006), pp. 17f.
  9. ^ The Boston Globe (July 23, 2006): The Last Ones Standing