National government of Karol Majewski

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Karol Majewski at the time of the January uprising in Poland around 1863/64 at the age of 30

The national government of Karol Majewski ( Polish: Rząd Narodowy Karola Majewskiego ) was the main organ of Polish state power during the January uprising of 1863/64 in Poland from June 14 to September 17, 1863 .

course

Formation of the national government

The national government of Karol Majewski came into being after the fall of the national government of the so-called Red Jurists . On June 14, 1863 Karol Majewski took control over the treasury of the "Kingdom of Poland", which in the Russian Empire incorporated Congress Poland was. He deposited the treasury in the Bank of Poland (Bank Polski) , took over the seal , which amounted to a takeover, and formed a new national government. In the camp of the coalition government, representatives of the White Party (Stronnictwo białych) and the Red Party (Stronnictwo czerwonych) allied themselves with supporters of General Ludwik Mierosławski .

Action of the national government

The new national government created a network to build the Polish state underground. They met every day for a meeting in Warsaw . They examined matters or questions that came in from the following departments: Department of Foreign Affairs, Treasury, "Wars", the press, questions from abroad and the Department for the Provinces (later the Police Department). The central body for coordinating the distribution of government publications was the State Secretariat. The city of Warsaw was organized into departments, which were divided into districts, which in turn were divided into 200 sections. A national police was created to deal with counter-espionage. In addition, there was a gendarmerie that shielded the Polish state power, the city treasury and the “Commission for the Review of Tax Matters”. The organization of women, the so-called Friday (Piątek) , who dealt with social welfare, was also active. A network of organizers was also created in the voivodships , in the counties and districts, which were subordinate to the war departments and which mediated between the civil administration and the military heads of the voivodeships and individual units. At the end of August, the government announced the new administrative law. Five administrative levels were introduced, which were filled with officials: village, municipality or parish, district, district and voivodeship. The village leaders were assigned to organize the calling in groups of ten and one hundred people. The entire male population who was able to carry weapons competed. The basis for financing the uprising was a tax, the so-called "national sacrifice", which was ordered and collected by the national government and aimed at wealthy Polish citizens with a fixed income. In July there was a five percent national loan of 40 million zloty . Donations and offerings from abroad for the benefit of the January uprising also flowed into the country. The fund was used to finance the equipment and food for the insurgent units. Around 200,000 rifles were purchased from abroad. The government's press organ was the magazine Niepodległość ( German  independence ) with a circulation of 10,000 copies.

Fall of the national government

In September 1863 the military defeats gradually split the government, which was made worse by the terror of the Russian state power and the growing opposition of the “Reds”. On September 17, Karol Majewski negotiated his withdrawal from the national government and handed over the helm to Franciszek Dobrowolski . A new national government came into being.

Composition of the national government

  • Karol Majewski , chairman
  • Oskar Awejde, Director of the Department for the Provinces (from July 1863)
  • Marian Karol Dubiecki, Ruthenia Secretary
  • Władysław Gołemberski
  • Jozef Grabowski
  • Eugeniusz Dębiński-Kaczkowski, Director of the War Department
  • Józef Kajetan Janowski, Director of the Press Department, State Secretary
  • Henryk Krajewski, Director of the External Affairs Department
  • Stanisław Krzemiński
  • Stosław Łaguna, Director of the Internal Affairs Department (until mid-July 1863)
  • Rafał Krajewski, Director of the Internal Affairs Department (from mid-July 1863)
  • Włodzimierz Milowicz
  • Adolf Pieńkowski, Director of the Police Department
  • Wacław Przybylski, Director of the Press Department, Secretary to Lithuania
  • Dionizy Skarżyński, Director of the State Treasury Department

bibliography

  • Andrzej Biernat, Ireneusz Ihnatowicz: Vademecum do badań nad historią XIX i XX wieku . Wydanie 2 poprawione i uzupełnione. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2003, ISBN 83-01-14087-9 .
  • Stefan Kieniewicz, Andrzej Zahorski, Władysław Zajewski: Trzy powstania narodowe. Kościuszkowskie, listopadowe, styczniowe . Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1992, ISBN 83-05-12578-5 .

See also

Web links