Inferior alveolar nerve

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Human cranial nerves

The inferior alveolar nerve ("nerve of the mandibular tooth fan") is a branch of the mandibular nerve ("lower jaw nerve "), which in turn is a branch of the fifth cranial nerve ( trigeminal nerve ).

The inferior alveolar nerve enters the lower jawbone through the mandibular foramen (lower jaw hole) . Here it runs in a bone canal ( Canalis mandibulae ) towards the chin and gives off branches ( Rami alveolares ) to the teeth of the lower jaw.

The terminal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve emerges from the lower jawbone at the mental foramen . This is called the mental nerve ("chin nerve") and supplies the skin of the chin and the lower lip .

Clinical significance

A conduction anesthesia of the nerves to eliminate pain during dental treatment is possible both on the mandibular foramen (→ central anesthesia on the mandibular foramen ) and mental foramen.

After inflammation or fractures of the lower jaw as well as after dental-surgical and endodontic interventions, damage to the nerves with subsequent loss of sensation in the area of ​​distribution can occur, which is known as the Vincent symptom .

literature

  • Martin Trepel: Neuroanatomy. Structure and function. 3rd, revised edition. Urban & Fischer, Munich et al. 2004, ISBN 3-437-41297-3 .
  • Franz-Viktor Salomon: nervous system, systema nervosum . In: Franz-Viktor Salomon, Hans Geyer, Uwe Gille (Ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine. Enke, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8304-1007-7 , pp. 464-577.