Nest protection
When passive immunity is a limited natural protection of the newborn against infectious diseases . It is a temporary form of passive immunization . Nest protection is not a substitute for vaccinations.
Formation of the nest protection
This so-called loan immunity arises even before birth due to the close material exchange between the mother and the unborn's bloodstream: If the mother has developed sufficient IgG antibodies against certain pathogens , some of these immunoglobulins pass from the beginning of the 12th week of gestation until the last few weeks the placenta during delivery and are transferred into the child. Mature newborns therefore have a certain protection against these pathogens at birth; in premature babies, however, it is only weakly developed. In the course of about the next two to four months, however, the maternal antibodies break down, depending on the initial titer . The child is therefore increasingly dependent on the self-production of these antibodies, which are triggered by the immune system after vaccination or infection .
In the case of some bacterial infections such as diphtheria or tetanus , the mother's infection does not protect the nest, but only the mother's vaccination. In contrast, mothers who have survived a viral infectious disease such as measles , mumps , poliomyelitis or rubella can give their newborn children longer nest protection than vaccinated mothers. These are, for example, antibodies against the measles virus . For measles, nest protection is assumed for up to six months. However, an active induction of this infection in the mother at the start of such an immunization chain is not in a particularly good relationship with the associated risk to a possible, temporary, later protective result in the child, because precisely the more dangerous "diseases can both in the child - as well as adulthood are dramatic and lead to serious complications. "
As a rule, neither vaccination nor the illness of the mother protect against whooping cough infection, since the corresponding antibodies are broken down too quickly; unless the mother was vaccinated against whooping cough during pregnancy. Even if the nest protection is partially a limited protection for the newborn, a vaccination is not excluded. In the case of Haemophilus influenzae type b , nest protection and vaccination can even reinforce each other.
Support through breastfeeding
The nest protection can be supported by breastfeeding , since the infant receives further antibodies through the breast milk ; in the first days of life mainly through colostrum , which contains antibodies in higher concentrations in addition to immune-supporting enzymes. The sIgA antibodies transmitted mainly during breastfeeding lower the risk of gastrointestinal infections, but not the risk of infection with vaccine-preventive diseases such as B. Measles .
literature
- U. Quast, S. Ley-Köllstadt, U. Arndt: Difficult vaccination questions - answered competently. Publisher: Deutsches Grünes Kreuz eV Verlag im Kilian, Marburg 2008
Individual evidence
- ↑ Petra-Nicolin Stolten: The medical specialist - vaccination made easy !: Basics, practice, examples . Schlütersche, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8426-8280-1 ( limited preview in Google book search [accessed July 31, 2018]).
- ↑ a b Klaus Friese, Ioannis Mylonas, Andreas Schulze: Infectious diseases of pregnant women and newborns . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-540-78325-1 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed July 31, 2018]).
- ^ RKI - Significance of vaccinations - Answers from the Robert Koch Institute and the Paul Ehrlich Institute to the 20 most frequent objections to vaccination; Section 8. Retrieved December 17, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c RKI - Significance of vaccinations - Answers from the Robert Koch Institute and the Paul Ehrlich Institute to the 20 most frequent objections to vaccination; Section 7. Retrieved December 17, 2018 .
