Niederbucha
Niederbucha is a desert in the east of what is now Bucha in the Saale-Holzland district in Thuringia .
geography
The medieval village was about a kilometer southeast of Bucha on the southeast slope of the Knoll hill, directly on a path that led from Bucha via Nennsdorf and Ammerbach to Jena .
archeology
In the course of the relocation of the federal motorway 4 and the construction of the Jagdberg tunnel , the Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology carried out extensive archaeological excavations and investigations. The foundations of several houses and partially preserved vaulted cellars could be exposed. Finds of numerous stove tiles, roof tiles and window glass fragments are clear indications of a fairly comfortable living culture by the villagers, who achieved a modest prosperity mainly through cattle breeding. Two silver coins, Meissen groschen from the second half of the 14th century were found in a gap in a cellar wall , also evidence of Niederbucha's prosperity and clear indications of the period when the village was abandoned.
The foundations and cellars of the buildings were built from shell limestone, on which half-timbered walls in a swell beam construction were placed. In one of the buildings, a corridor led under the foundation into a system of corridors and at least two cellars. This system could not be fully investigated because it continued outside the construction site to be investigated.
history
Nothing is known about when the village was founded. It is believed that it was founded around the change from the 13th to the 14th century. Sources for such dates are often entries in deeds in which the tax revenue from mortgages by the municipality is described or listed. There is a tax register from the years 1421–1425 in which twelve taxable families are named in Niederbucha. Presumably due to the loss of the economic foundations, but perhaps also as a result of a plague epidemic that raged around 1400 , the village was abandoned at the beginning of the 15th century and fell desolate like around 50 other villages in the vicinity of the Ilm-Saale-Platte . It is possible that the village fell desolate between 1446 and 1451, during the Saxon fratricidal war . Other villages in the vicinity were also destroyed during this time: Wiegelau near Schorba , Iritz, Uhrda, Ingau, Gauga and Mohla.
literature
D. Scherf, In inferiori Bucha - Three house complexes from the late medieval desert Niederbucha. Saale-Holzland district. New excavations and finds in Thuringia 7, 2012/13, 140–162.
Andrei Zahn, The inhabitants of the offices of Burgau, Camburg and Dornburg: a prayer register from around 1421–1425. Series of publications by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mitteldeutsche Familienforschung eV, 55, Mannheim, 1998. Coordinates: 50 ° 52 ′ 45.7 ″ N , 11 ° 31 ′ 20.5 ″ E