Nigeria Airways Flight 357
| Nigeria Airways Flight 357 | |
|---|---|
,_Dublin,_February_1993_(01).jpg) An identical Boeing 737-200 from Nigeria Airways |
|
| Accident summary | |
| Accident type | Departure from the runway after an unstable landing approach |
| place |
Kaduna Airport , Nigeria
|
| date | November 13, 1995 |
| Fatalities | 11 |
| Survivors | 127 |
| Injured | 66 |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type |
 Boeing 737-2F9
|
| operator |
Nigeria Airways
|
| Mark |
5N-AUA
|
| Departure airport |
Yola Airport , Nigeria
|
| Stopover |
Kaduna Airport , Nigeria
|
| Destination airport |
Lagos Airport , Nigeria
|
| Passengers | 124 |
| crew | 14th |
| Lists of aviation accidents | |
The Nigeria Airways Flight 357 (flight number WT357 ) was a domestic flight of the airline Nigeria Airways from Yola to Lagos with a stopover in Kaduna . On November 13, 1995, a Boeing 737-2F9 with the registration number 5N-AUA was involved in an accident on this flight , in which 11 people were killed and 66 injured on board.
plane
The aircraft involved in the accident was a Boeing 737-2F9, which was 13 years and a month old at the time of the accident. The machine was assembled at the Boeing plant in Renton , Washington State , and made its maiden flight on October 14, 1982, before being delivered to Nigeria Airways on February 8, 1983. The aircraft had the factory number 22985, it was the 920. Boeing 737 from ongoing production. The machine was certified with the aircraft registration 5N-AUA , with which it was operated until the end. The twin- engined narrow -body aircraft was equipped with two Pratt & Whitney JT8D-15 engines. By the time of the accident, the machine had completed a cumulative operating performance of 22,375 operating hours with 27,567 take-offs and landings.
Crew and passengers
The flight captain of the machine was a 43-year-old Nigerian who held a Nigerian commercial pilot's license, which was valid until May 1996. The captain had type ratings for the Boeing 737, the Cessna 150 and the Piper Aztec . Before the accident, he had a flight experience of 6000 hours, including 4000 with the Boeing 737. The first officer was a 39-year-old Nigerian with a Nigerian professional pilot's license, which was numbered 2884 and which was valid at midnight on the day of the accident, November 13, 1995 expired. The first officer had type ratings for the Boeing 737 and the Boeing 727 . He had 5000 hours of flying experience, including 3000 on the Boeing 737. Both pilots were qualified to perform the flight that day.
The total number of crew members was given as 14. According to the flight captain, the actual crew consisted of eight and consisted of himself, the first officer and six flight attendants. According to an agreement between the captain and the head of the Nigeria Airways representative office, six additional people were taken on board who were considered to be crew members.
In addition, 124 passengers were seated in the plane for the section from Yola to Kaduna.
Events from the previous day
The day before, the same crew had made a return flight between Yola and Jos . The aircraft was flown by the captain on the first and third flight segments and by the first officer on the second flight segment. Both pilots then reported problems with the controls of the aircraft. The machine pulled to the left or right. The plane landed at Yola Airport at 9:00 p.m. for a night stopover and the pilots moved into their hotel rooms for the night at 10:00 p.m.
Flight history
The flight started at 7:30 a.m. UTC from Yola Airport . The scheduled arrival in Kaduna was at 07:46. The air traffic control in Kaduna gave the aircraft a landing clearance for runway 05, but the captain asked for a landing permit for runway 23. The air traffic controller reminded the captain that the machine would have to be landed with a tailwind when landing on runway 23 , but the captain passed to land on this runway.
The descent was initiated at 7:42 a.m. The pilots were cleared to descend to 3,500 feet. This was followed by a descent to 500 feet. The crew then tried to align the machine with the runway. The first officer asked the captain: “Will you manage to land the machine from this position?” An observer in the cockpit suggested moving the machine into the counter approach, presumably to realign the machine for a landing on runway 05. However, the master did not respond to the objections at all and continued the approach on runway 23. On the final approach, the master made a sharp left turn, after which the aircraft was to the left of the runway center line. Then he corrected to the right. The observer in the cockpit shouted “Watch out for the wing”, as the wings were almost in contact with the ground on the final approach. The pilots were still struggling with the machine's control systems to align them with the runway.
After the aircraft had hovered over 79.5 percent of the paved runway surface in an unstable attitude, it touched down 615 meters from the end of runway 05. The master reportedly set the thrust reverser of the two engines to 1.8 and 1.6 EPR (Engine Power Ratio). When overshooting the runway seemed inevitable, the captain made the aircraft veer to the left in order to leave the runway via the last exit and to avoid a collision with the lights at the end of the runway. This resulted in rotations in which the right wing hit the ground. The wing tank tore open and the kerosene ignited. The passengers and crew climbed out of the burning wreck to escape outside. 66 of the 138 people on board were injured, 14 of them seriously. Eleven passengers were killed.
causes
The causes of the accident were found to be a collapse in crew resource management , caused by the unauthorized action of the master, and the continuation of a highly unstable approach at a point in time at which, given the circumstances, a go - around would have been necessary. Another factor was the turning of the machine into the exit at a speed of 76 knots (approx. 141 km / h). The pilots should have let the machine roll over the extended runway end.