Nucleus olivaris
The nuclei olivares , in German “ olive pits ”, are a core complex on each side of the brain stem , in which several core areas are distinguished.
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The upper nucleus olivaris superior (rostralis) of the pons , also called "upper olive", is separated from the lower nucleus olivaris inferior (caudalis) in the medullary brain , also called "lower olive". Its main nucleus, the nucleus olivaris principalis, can be divided into (anterior, posterior, lateral) lamellae. In addition to this lie as two secondary nuclei, also known as "secondary olives", the nucleus olivaris accessorius medialis and the nucleus olivaris accessorius posterior , both also in the medulla oblongata .
Nucleus olivaris superior
Strictly speaking, the nucleus olivaris superior is also not a nucleus , but a complex consisting of several nuclei, in particular the medial upper olive and the lateral upper olive . The upper olive is part of the auditory pathway . Your neurons are involved in the localization of sound sources by evaluating differences in transit time and level between the two ears ( interaural or binaural ). Their axons project via the lateral lemniscus on both sides onto the inferior colliculi , an important switching station in the midbrain .
Nucleus olivaris inferior
From the inferior olivar nucleus , neurons project primarily via the lower cerebellar stalk ( Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior ) onto the opposite hemisphere of the cerebellum (cerebellum). The axons form the olivocerebellar tract (olivocerebellar tract ) and finally end as climbing fibers on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. The nucleus receives essential afferents from the nucleus ruber and the motor cortex . The lower olive neurons are involved in coordinating movement and are likely to report movement errors to the cerebellum.
literature
- Amunts, K. and Zilles, K. (2007): Functional Neuroanatomy. Cape. 1, 9-59. In: Schneider, F. and Fink GR (Eds.) (2007): Functional MRT in Psychiatry and Neurology. Heidelberg (Springer)