Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro

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The Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro (OND) was the Italian fascist leisure and recreation organization for adults.

history

In April 1925, Benito Mussolini agreed to the request of the fascist unions to found a leisure organization for workers in order to be able to counter the organizations of the socialist unions. Mario Giani, the former director of Westinghouse (Italy), was appointed director of the OND foundation. The OND initially had the non-political image, in the interest of the employer , the productivity increase and was more like the company sports in Germany or the YMCA in the USA.

In April 1927, Augusto Turati , General Secretary of the Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF), took over the OND, dismissed Giani and made the Dopolavoro subordinate to the party. The ambivalent relationship between the club-independent leisure sport in the OND and the club sport in the CONI could not be resolved during the entire fascist period, even if the president of the CONI became director of the OND. The interests of children and youth sports were taken care of in the Opera Nazionale Balilla .

In the 1930s, the OND under Achille Starace was increasingly geared towards sports and leisure. In Germany she served as a model for the organization Kraft durch Freude . In 1936 about 80% of the workers and employees in Italy are said to have been members of the OND, making it the fascist mass organization with the largest number of members.

The OND expanded local and regional leisure facilities that formed a basis for mass tourism in the post-war period .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sebastian Fasbender: Between Worker Sport and Work Sport. Factory sport on the Rhine and Ruhr 1921–1938. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 1997
  2. ↑ Thomas Winter: Making men, making class: the YMCA and workingmen, 1877-1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2002
  3. ^ Arnd Krüger : Sport in Fascist Italy (1922-1933). In: G. Spitzer, D. Schmidt (Ed.): Sport between independence and external determination. Festschrift for Prof. Dr. Hajo Bernett . P. Wegener, Bonn 1986, pp. 213-226.
  4. ^ De Grazia, Victoria: The Culture of Consent: Mass Organizations of Leisure in Fascist Italy. Cambridge, 1981.
  5. ↑ Kallis, Aristotle (Ed.): The Fascism Reader. London: Routledge, 2003, pp. 391-395. ISBN 0-415-24359-9
  6. ↑ Strangio, Donatella, Marco Teodori: Las termas de la ciudad de Viterbo: del termalismo social a la elaboración de proyectos innovadores destinados a relanzar el turismo de bienestar. In: Agua y Territorio 6 (2016), pp. 80–96.