Augusto Turati

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Augusto Turati (born April 16, 1888 in Parma , † August 27, 1955 in Rome ) was an Italian fascist politician , sword fencer , journalist , sports journalist and sports official .

Life

Turati came from his liberal anti-clerical family, studied law , learned journalism and became editor of the Provincia di Brescia . He took part in the First World War and received several awards as a captain. In 1920 he joined the Freikorps of the Fasci di Combattimento and in 1921 the Partito Nazionale Fascista (PNF) and quickly became party secretary in the province of Brescia . From 1924 to 1934 he was a member of parliament for the fascists in Brescia. In this capacity he was noticed by Mussolini , who made him Secretary General of the PNF in 1926. In addition, Turati was always active as an epee fencer and won the Italian championship in 1928. As a prominent athlete and politician, he became the President of the Italian Tennis Federation, the Italian Athletics Federation , from 1928 to 1930 President of the National Olympic Committee CONI and from 1930 to 1931 also a member of the International Olympic Committee . Thanks to his preparatory work, the Mussolini Boys became the sensation at the 1932 Summer Olympics (2nd place behind the USA). Turati reinvented the supposed former Roman sport of volata to break away from English football.

In 1929 a campaign began to make Turati's homosexuality public. He then resigned from all political offices, but was offered a director position at Corriere della Sera , then at La Stampa . Achille Starace , who followed him as General Secretary of the PNF and President of CONI, made him one of his four deputies in the party. In 1933, however, he was exiled to the then Italian island of Rhodes . He volunteered for an agricultural project in Ethiopia , where he worked from 1937 to 1938.

When he returned, he stayed out of all party politics, but publicly opposed Italy's entry into World War II and the northern Italian republic under the German protectorate. He worked in Rome as a lawyer and legal advisor. After the war he was tried for his party activities in 1945, but as a committed fascist he was classified as a follower in 1946 and pardoned.

Honors

  • Commemorative medal for the unity of Italy
  • Commemorative medal for the Italo-Austrian War

Individual evidence

  1. Chiarini, Roberto (1988): L'armonia e l'ardimento. l'ascesa del fascismo nella Brescia di Augusto Turati. Milano; Angeli. ISBN 88-204-2788-5
  2. Arnd Krüger : The Influence of the Fascist Sports Model of Italy on National Socialist Sports. In: Morgen A. Olsen (Ed.): Sport and Politics. 1918-1939 / 40. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 1986, pp. 226-232; Arnd Krüger : Sport in Fascist Italy (1922-1933). In: G. Spitzer, D. Schmidt (Ed.): Sport between independence and external determination. Festschrift for Prof. Dr. Hajo Bernett . P. Wegener, Bonn 1986, pp. 213-226.
  3. Orsini, Alessandro. Gramsci e Turati: le due sinistre. Vol. 277. Rubbettino Editore, 2012.
  4. Ciochetti, Marcello. La Stampa: 1934-1945. Edizioni quattro venti, 1992.
  5. ^ Corner, Paul. "Everyday Fascism in the 1930s: Center and Periphery in the Decline of Mussolini's Dictatorship." Contemporary European History 02/15 (2006): 195-22.
  6. Armin Nolzen, Sven Reichardt (Ed.): Fascism in Italy and Germany: Studies on Transfer and Comparison. Vol. 21. Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag, 2012.