Pakua Shipu
The Pakua Shipu or Montagnais de Pakua Shipi are one of the 39 Canadian First Nations living in the province of Quebec , more precisely in the east of the province. They are referred to as Pakua-shipiunnuat by the remaining 16,000 Innu , to whose tribal group they belong . They are considered to be the most conservative among the Innu. Only about one in twenty of them speaks French, the rest of them Innu. At the same time they belong to the Innu tribal council, the Mamit Innuat , which has existed since 2000 , to which, in addition to the Pakua Shipu, the Ekuanitshit , the Nutashkuan and the Unamen Shipu also belong.
The approximately 400 ethnic group lives on the west bank of the Rivière Saint-Augustin 550 km northeast of Sept-Îles . Pakua Shipu is the name of the river in the language of the tribe; it means something like 'dry river'. The area of the Innu tribe can only be reached by plane or boat.
history
In July 1949, the provincial government offered the tribe an Indian reserve of 1.3 hectares , but the government in Ottawa refused because they believed the tribe was too small. In order to ensure basic supplies, the group was relocated to La Romaine or Unamenshipit in the early 1960s and reunited with the local Indians . But she returned to her ancestral territory despite a severe storm. It was not until June 4, 1971, that the provincial government ordered the construction of houses.
On July 27, 1987, the tribe previously known as the Saint Augustin Band took on the name Pakua Shipi Montagnais Band . In 1991 there were 211 tribesmen, 242 in 1996, 228 in 2001, 289 in 2006, and 362 in March 2015.
The only school in the settlement is the École Pakuashipish , which had 88 students in 2009. It ranges from nursery to secondary grade 4 .
The current chief - the last elections took place in 2012 and 2017 - is Denis Mestenapéo. In December 2011, 339 people were registered as members of the tribe, in March 2014 there were 357, a year later 362. Of these, 25 lived in their own reserve, 15 in other reserves, 316 on their own crown land and 6 outside. In September 2018, 383 people were registered as members of the tribe. Of these, only 8 lived in their own reserve, 16 in other so-called Indian reserves , another 350 on crown land, and 9 outside the reserves .
literature
- Sylvie Vincent: Utilisation par les Innus de Unamen Shipu et de Pakua Shipu de la zone d'exclusion proposée par le Ministère de la Défense nationale (Région du lac Minipi), September îles , Assemblée Mamu Pakatatau Mamit, 2002.
Remarks
- ↑ Gouvernement du Québec (ed.): Noms et lieux du Québec , 1994, p. 531.
- ^ Mathieu d'Avignon, Camil Girard: At-on oublié que jadis nous étions "frères"? Alliances fondatrices et reconnaissance des peuples autochtones dans l'histoire du Québec , Presses de l'Université Laval, 2009, p. 160.
- ^ Montagnais de Pakua Shipi .