Paper film
As a paper film is referred to a photographic film with paper as a support for the light-sensitive photographic emulsion .
History and Development
Both in the early photographic processes of Thomas Wedgwood and Joseph Nicéphore Nièpce ( 18th and early 19th centuries; positive process ), as well as in the negative processes that have already been further developed ( Frederick Scott Archers and Le Gray's collodion wet plate , 1850 / 51; Maddox ' Gelatine-Trockenplatte , 1871) coated glass or copper plates were used.
William Henry Fox Talbot , on the other hand, already used paper soaked with chlorine in his experiments to develop a negative process (around 1835); the calotype originals, however, turned out to be comparatively blurred.
Also in the case of Carl August von Steinheil (1839) the negatives were recorded on chlorine silver paper ; to get a positive, Steinheil simply took it again with his camera.
Blanquard-Evrard improved the albumin process around 1850 and he also replaced the glass plate with paper; this copier material was the first industrially manufactured copier paper and was used until the beginning of the 20th century.
George Eastman is often cited as the inventor of paper film , but this is incorrect; Eastman first presented a gelatin- coated roll film in 1884 , the so-called stripping film . The gelatin layer was peeled off after exposure and transferred to a glass plate ; Kodak No. 1 , for example, worked with this type of film .
However, paper as a carrier did not prove to be particularly useful in further processing, so Eastman replaced the carrier material with the celluloid ; the product was marketed under the name American Film , a celluloid film , from 1891.
Paper films appeared surprisingly in Germany in 1943, in the middle of the Second World War , when front vacationers brought roll films of unknown origin with them. One of the sources of these films was, for example, the paper film distribution company in Vienna , which justified the unusual material with the “war-related shortage of celluloid films ” .
X-ray photography
Paper film is also used to describe special films for photography with X-ray flash tubes such as the Polaroid paper film 803 .