Papuan conflict

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Papuan conflict
Papua and Papua Barat (Western New Guinea)
Papua and Papua Barat (Western New Guinea)
date October 1, 1969 to date
place Papua and Papua Barat , Indonesia
output Conflict continues
Parties to the conflict

IndonesiaIndonesia Indonesia

Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea Papua New Guinea OPMMorning Star flag.svg

The Papua conflict is a conflict in the provinces of Papua and Papua Barat , two provinces in western New Guinea in Indonesia . Since the military occupation of West Papua by Indonesia in 1963 , the Organizasi Papua Merdeka ( OPM ) has waged a low-intensity fight .

The morning star flag and peaceful protests for the independence of Western New Guinea are illegal and suppressed. The area is rich in natural resources, which promotes conflict.

Military dimension

The conflict continues to this day in both provinces in the region. The Free Papua Movement and the National Committee for West Papua receive diplomatic support from the government of the state of Papua New Guinea from the eastern part of the island and from Australia . Another important independence movement is the Papua Council (PDP), whose chairman Theys Eluay was abducted and killed on November 10, 2001 by the Kopassus units , special forces of the Indonesian army. A total of 60,000 (as of 2009) Indonesian armed forces are stationed in West Papua. The regional commander of the Indonesian armed forces, Mahidin Simbolon , is sometimes using extreme brutality against the indigenous Papuan people . The leader of the West Papua Movement, Kelly Kwalik, died in 2009. His successor has been Goliath Tabuni since then .

So far, 10,000 locals have emigrated due to the conflict situation, while numerous Muslim Indonesians have immigrated from other islands due to the central Transmigrasi policy. In total, between 74,000 and 100,000 people died as a result of the conflict. Other data speak of 150,000 Papuans killed between 1963 and 1983 alone.

timeline

  • January 1997: 26 people were taken hostage in the village of Mapunduma, two Indonesian hostages were killed during the rescue operation.
  • December 3, 2000: The Swiss journalist Oswald Iten was arrested by the Indonesian police for photographing a clash between separatists and security forces. He later reported excessive human rights violations that he had witnessed in the Indonesian prison.
  • November 11, 2001: The abducted Papuan independence leader Theys Eluay was found murdered in his car outside Jayapura.
  • August 31, 2002: Rebels attack a group of American professors, three were killed and twelve others were wounded. The police accused the OPM of being responsible.
  • December 1, 2003: A group of 500 people raised the separatist flag, several other actions took place. 42 people were arrested.
  • October 15, 2004: Papuan rebels killed six civilians in an attack in Puncak Jaya .
  • March 16, 2006: Three police officers and an airman were killed in a collision.
  • August 8, 2008: A police officer died after police opened fire to end the Wamena riot.
  • September 12, 2008: Two bombs exploded on the road to the Grasberg mine , police accusing Papuan separatists.
  • January 29, 2009: At least five Papuans were wounded by gunfire fired by police during a demonstration.
  • March 14, 2009: An Indonesian soldier was killed during an attack in Tingginambut. The OPM was blamed for this.
  • April 8, 2009: Several bombs exploded against a bridge and a refinery on the island of Biak . One person was killed.
  • April 9, 2009: A bomb attack in Jayapura killed five people and seriously injured several others. Meanwhile, around 500 fighters attacked a police station with gasoline bombs and bows and arrows. The police reacted and killed one person.
  • 11-12 April 2009: Eleven people were killed, including six members of the police, in the battle between the army and the Papuan Resistance. At the same time a bomb was defused against a police station in Biak.
  • April 15, 2009: An attack on a police convoy in Tingginambut killed one and wounded six people. The OPM is held responsible for this.
  • July 11, 2009: An employee of the Indonesian division of Freeport-McMoRan Copper & Gold Inc.'s was shot dead in an attack outside the company's mine in Papua.
  • July 2009: OPM raised the flag of West Papua in the village of Jugum. After that, more than 30 houses were set on fire by the Indonesian army.
  • August 12, 2009: A convoy of 16 buses for Freeport-McMoRan Copper's employees was ambushed . Two people were killed and five wounded.
  • December 16, 2009: The leader of the Organization for a Free Papua (OPM), Kelly Kwalik was shot at and killed during a raid in Timika.
  • January 24, 2010: Rebels ambushed a convoy. Nine people were injured, who OPM denied being responsible.
  • March 1, 2010: The Australia West Papua Association in Sydney said the situation in West Papua was getting worse. Since last July, there have been 14 cases of shootings at the Grasberg mine , Freeport's copper and gold mine . At least three people were killed in these attacks.
  • March 23, 2010: Rebels attacked a convoy of Indonesian troops, presumably injuring some soldiers.
  • June 14, 2012: Indonesian police shot and killed Mako Tabuni , head of the secessionist West Papua National Committee (KNPB) during an attempted arrest , causing serious unrest in the Papuan provincial capital, Jayapura .
  • May 11, 2013 Police officers killed three and injured others in a demonstration in Sorong
  • May 28, 2013 A military operation in a village in the Puncak Jaya region ends in a massacre of over 40 villagers.
  • December 18, 2015 During a police operation in the village of Wananpompi on the island of Yapen , 2 villagers are shot dead and 8 others injured, and 2 others die as a result of torture by police officers.
  • October 29, 2016 During a demonstration against police violence in Manokwari , 10 participants were shot dead by the police
  • August 1, 2017 During a demonstration because of an avoidable death caused by failure to provide assistance by the staff of a local hospital, clashes with the police. 17 people die in the process.
  • April 7, 2018 During a military operation in the Tembagapura district, 1 churchgoer is shot dead and 3 others seriously injured.
  • December 2, 2018 31 people are killed during a rebel attack. An unknown number of people died in the army's offensive that followed.
  • August / September 2019: Week-long demonstrations and riots during which the local population demanded independence from Indonesia.

literature

  • Esther Heidbüchel: The West Papua conflict in Indonesia: actors, issues and approaches. 2007, ISBN 978-3-937983-10-3 .
  • Richard Chauvel, Ikrar Nusa Bhakti: The Papua conflict: Jakarta's perceptions and policies. 2004, ISBN 1-932728-08-2 .
  • J. Budi Hernawan: Papua land of peace: addressing conflict building peace in West Papua. 2005.
  • Blair A. King: Peace in Papua: widening a window of opportunity. 2006, ISBN 0-87609-357-8 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. indonesia-portal.de ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  2. fas.org
  3. hrw.org
  4. hrw.org
  5. janes.com
  6. ^ Countrystudies.us
  7. theage.com.au
  8. Le Monde diplomatique: The Papuans under Indonesian rule
  9. At Ipenburg: The life and death of Theys Eluay. ( Memento from March 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Inside Indonesia 70, 2002.
  10. monde-diplomatique.fr
  11. Le Monde diplomatique: The Papuans under Indonesian rule
  12. United States' Country Reports on Human Rights Practices : Indonesia 2000
  13. Jayapura Prison, Torture and Murder - Twelve Days in an Indonesian Prison. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . 2000.
  14. United States' Country Reports on Human Rights Practices : Indonesia 2001
  15. historycommons.org
  16. accessmylibrary.com
  17. goliath.ecnext.com
  18. news.monstersandcritics.com ( Memento from January 29, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  19. westpapuafree.wordpress.com
  20. fpcn-global.org
  21. news.xinhuanet.com
  22. fpcn-global.org
  23. westpapuareview.wordpress.com
  24. westpapuareview.wordpress.com
  25. fpcn-global.org
  26. fpcn-global.org
  27. bloomberg.com
  28. ahrchk.net
  29. pourconvaincre.blogspot.com
  30. solomonstarnews.com ( Memento from June 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  31. thejakartaglobe.com ( Memento from April 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  32. pacific.scoop.co.nz
  33. freewestpapua.org
  34. Indonesia: Unrest after the killing of Papua activist Tabuni ( memento from June 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), zenithonline.de from June 15, 2012 (accessed on June 15, 2012).
  35. freewestpapua.org
  36. freewestpapua.org
  37. freewestpapua.org
  38. freewestpapua.org
  39. freewestpapua.org
  40. [1]
  41. Indonesia protests in Oxford over price for separatist leaders
  42. [2]