Paramnesia

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Paramnesia is a memory disorder in which the person concerned has memories of events that did not take place. The term paramnesia was first introduced in 1874 by Emil Kraepelin . Nowadays, paramnesia is a collective term.

symptom

In the older AMP system, paramnesia was listed together with ekmesia and hypermnesia under “other memory disorders”. Nowadays, according to the AMDP system, the following symptoms are counted as paramnesias in the psychopathological findings :

  • Déjà vu experiences: Presumed familiarity or recognition of people or situations.
  • Jamais vu experiences: Apparent strangeness of people or situations.
  • Ekmnesia: experiencing the past as the present.
  • Hypermnesia : An increase in memory.
  • Flashback
  • intrusion
  • False memory syndrome , which is sometimes referred to in the German translation as "false memory".

According to the AMDP system, delusional or delusively reinterpreted memories should expressly not be depicted as paramnesia. There are also separate categories in the AMDP system for confabulations , memory disorders and retardation disorders.

Confabulations in which missing memory contents are replaced by invention are to be distinguished from paramnesia . Confabulations can serve to cover gaps in memory so as not to let them become apparent. A memory disorder in the narrower sense, for example disruption of long-term memory, is also not part of paramnesia. Memory disorders are also not depicted as paramnesia. The inability to remember something is known as amnesia .

term

The English term "paramnesia" has been used differently by different authors. Some only associated the term with déjà-vu, while others used it to describe a wider range of memory disorders. In an effort to distinguish observed differences more precisely, other terms were coined, some of them are:

  • Partial paramnesia (Kraepelin, 1887)
  • Simple paramnesia (Kraepelin, 1887)
  • Association paramnesia (Kraepelin, 1887)
  • Identifying paramnesia (Kraepelin, 1887)
  • Hypnagogic paramnesia (Ellis 1991)
  • Reduplicative paramnesia (Pick, 1903; Sono, 1994)
  • Restricted paramnesia (Banister and Zangwill, 1941)

Reduplicative Paramnesia

Arnold Pick introduced the term reduplicative paramnesia for the first time in 1903. Reduplicative paramnesia is understood to mean that a person, because of his or her disturbed sense of familiarity, is convinced “that a person, place or object exists twice,” which usually has organic causes. One form of reduplicative paramnesia, as it could occur in demented Parkinson's patients, would be “z. B. the conviction that the patients have been transferred from their familiar surroundings to an identical-looking second one. ”Benson et al. a. (1976) found a connection between right-hemisphere damage and reduplicative paramnesia, as well as Capgras syndrome.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Thomas Trummer: Déjà-vu. The gaze of hindsight in contemporary art . Atelier Augarten, Center for Contemporary Art of the Austrian Gallery Belvedere, 2005 ( only Snippset view on GoogleBooks ).
  2. ↑ H.-P. Kapfhammer, G. Laux (Ed.): Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. Volume 1. General Psychiatry . 3. Edition. Springer, Stuttgart 2008, p. 444 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ Urs Baumann, Rolf-Dieter Stieglitz : Test manual for the AMDP system. Empirical studies on psychopathology . Ed .: Working group for methodology and documentation in psychiatry. Springer, Berlin 1983, ISBN 978-3-642-69182-9 , pp. 95 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-69181-2 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ^ A b Working group for methodology and documentation in psychiatry (ed.): The AMDP system. Manual for the documentation of psychiatric findings . 8th, revised edition. Hogrefe, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-8017-1925-8 , pp. 43 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ^ A b Alan S. Brown: The Deja Vu Experience . Psychology Press, New York 2004, ISBN 0-203-48544-0 , pp. 10 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ^ German E. Berrios, John R. Hodges: Memory Disorders in Psychiatric Practice . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2000, ISBN 0-521-57671-7 , pp. 338–347 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  7. ^ Jan Dirk Blom: A Dictionary of Hallucinations . Springer, New York 2010, ISBN 978-1-4419-1222-0 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-4419-1223-7 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  8. ↑ Hans Föstl, Katja Weber: Identification and their disorders Föst . In: Hans Förstl (Ed.): Theory of Mind. Neurobiology and Psychology of Social Behavior . 2nd Edition. Springer, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-24915-0 , pp. 203 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-642-24916-7 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  9. ↑ Simone Brodbeck: Approaches to music therapy for neurological disorders based on some selected clinical pictures . Grin, 2008, ISBN 978-3-640-16311-3 , pp. 16 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ^ Claus-Werner Wallesch, Hans Förstl: Diagnostics . In: Claus-Werner Wallesch, Hans Förstl (Ed.): Dementia . Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-13-136911-6 , p. 85 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  11. ^ Günther Deuschl , K. Eggert, Wolfgang H. Oertel , Werner Poewe: Parkinson's disease . In: Wolfgang H. Oertel, Günther Deuschl, Werner Poewe (eds.): Parkinson's Syndrome and other movement disorders . Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-13-148781-0 , p.  43 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  12. ^ Günter Schiepek: Neurobiology of Psychotherapy . 1st edition. Schattauer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-7945-2363-6 , p. 438 ( limited preview in Google Book search).