Parity (medicine)

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In medicine , veterinary medicine and biology, parity (from Latin parere "to give birth") is understood to mean the number of births of a woman or a female mammal. A woman or a female mammal without birth is called a nullipara , with one birth as a primipara and with two births as a bipara . For female mammals with more than two successful births the term Pluripara (or Polypara ) is used, for women also Multipara , which has a different zoological and veterinary meaning.

The terms Nullipara, Primipara etc. are often abbreviated as para 0 , para 1 etc. in the specialist literature . In the English-language specialist literature, the adjectives nulliparous , primiparous, etc., based on these terms, can also be found.

The term parity is important not only in gynecology , but also in oncology and geriatrics , because the number of successful births a woman has according to the current state of research is related to her risk of certain types of cancer as well as certain other typical old age ailments. The term also plays a role in sociobiology and evolutionary psychology - two disciplines that deal, among other things, with possible common causes of certain aspects of a person's social behavior on the one hand, and high reproductive success on the other.

While the terms Nullipara, Primipara etc. have more or less always been an integral part of the medical terminology of the German-speaking area, the word "Parität" itself only came into being in the late 1990s when the American parity was Germanized . Some traditional medical professionals therefore regard the term as an artificial word and reject its use as a sign of a lack of language skills.

application

  • First pregnancy: 1st pregnancy
  • Second gravida: 2nd pregnancy

But:

  • Nullipara: no births so far
  • Primipara: a birth
  • Second or secondary mothers: two births

For example , a mother had three miscarriages and two children; H. the woman would therefore be a fifth gravida and a second para .

Web links

Gravidity and Parity Definitions (and their Implications in Risk Assessment)