Multipara
A multipara (" multiparous ", also Polypara ) is understood to be a female individual or a type of mammal that usually produces several offspring (multiples) in one gestation ( pregnancy ) . A species with normally multiparous individuals is also known as a polytoke species . The opposite of multipars are monopars ( unipars ), i.e. mammals that usually only produce one offspring per birth (singles) .
The young of a mother from one birth are called a litter . In the hunter's language, the expression Geheck (or Gehecke ) is used for the young of the hair predator . The hunter's expression is also used for the clutch of water birds .
In gynecology and obstetrics , a woman is called a multipara if she already has at least three children . In the English-speaking world, the term is used for women with more than two children, for those with more than four children the term grand multipara . From a comparative zoological point of view, however, this designation is incorrect; Pluripara would be correct for this (see also parity ).
- Multipara
- Subforms are Dipara (two cubs per birth , twin ) or Tripara (three cubs per birth, triplets ) and so on, according to the individual number or average number that is typical for a species. There is some variability in the number of offspring. The domestic sheep usually gives birth to two young, but in individual cases there are also singles or triplets, with pigs up to eightlings. The maximum number is on the order of 12 in some small mammals.
- Monopara
- This includes, for example, humans , but also horses and cattle . Here, too, multiple births are possible, but not the norm.
- Single individuals of a monoparous species can be diparic and regularly give birth to twins, for example diparic cows are not uncommon in some breeds. Individual and familial twin accumulation is also given in humans, see also forms of dizygotic twins .
literature
- Ilse Haseder , Gerhard Stinglwagner : Knaurs Großes Jagdlexikon , Weltbild Verlag, Augsburg, 2000, ISBN 3-8289-1579-5
- Gunter Purschke, Achim Paululat: Dictionary of Zoology: animal names, general biological, anatomical, physiological, ecological terms. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, 2011, ISBN 978-3827421159
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gunter Purschke p. 321.
- ↑ Haseder, p. 282
- ↑ V. Padubidri, Ela Anand: Textbook of Obstetrics . BI Publications Pvt Ltd, 2006, ISBN 978-81-7225-223-6 , pp. 54 .