Parnavasids

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The Parnawasiden , Pharnabaziden or P'arnavaziani ( Georgian : ფარნავაზიანები), also Kartlosiden , are the first dynasty of Georgian kings of Kartli ( Iberia ) mentioned in traditional Georgian history. Their rule lasted with interruptions from the 3rd century BC. BC to the 2nd century AD. The male lineage is reported to have died out early, and they were followed by families related to the female lineage. At the end of the 2nd century, the rule of the Parnawasids came to an end and the Arsacids of Iberia received the Crown of Iberia.

history

According to the early medieval Georgian chronicles The Life of the Georgian Kings , the Parnawas dynasty descends. This drove Ason, who was appointed administrator by Alexander the great , from the country. Parnawas, whose story is preserved in many legends, does not appear in non-Georgian sources and there is no contemporary evidence that he was the first king of Georgia. Even so, the dynasty name Parnavaziani is a confirmation that a king named Parnawas is considered the founder. The name of the dynasty appears in Armenian history as the P'arnawazean of Faustus of Byzantium (5th century) and as the P'aracean in the history of Armenia (perhaps early 5th century). It seems more plausible that the memory of the historical facts faded and the real Parnawas received a legendary facade, becoming a model of a pre-Christian ruler in the annals of Georgia.

Although Alexander's campaign into Georgia is entirely fictional, Georgian and classical evidence suggests that the kings of Iberia had close ties to the Seleucids , one of the Hellenistic successors to the short-lived empire of Alexander in Syria, acknowledging their supremacy, and perhaps according to Professor Cyril Toumanoff helped keep the neighboring Orontids of Armenia under control. According to Toumanoff, Parnavaz is said to be from 299 to 234 BC. Have ruled.

His son Saurmag I (ruled 234–159 BC) died without a male heir, and the dynasty survived through the female line through the marriage of Saurmag's daughter to Mirian I (ruled 159–109 BC). ) from the Nimrodids. The Nimrodids in Georgian Nebrot'iani (ნებროთიანი), which means The People of Nimrod , were not a dynasty, but a term used by medieval Georgian chroniclers for the ancient Iranians. From now on the dynasty, although only in the female line, was referred to by the chroniclers as P'arnavaziani (The Second Parnawasid as Toumanoff assumes).

The dynasty was founded under Mirian's son Parnayom (ruled 109–90 BC) in 90 BC. Overthrown from the throne by a sideline of the Artaxids of Armenia, but could 30 BC. To come back to power. At the time, the South Caucasus was under Roman hegemony . Despite this, Iberia managed to establish itself in the last decade of the 1st century BC. Separated from the Roman Empire and became a more powerful state in the 1st century AD. Parsman I (ruled 1-58) interfered vigorously in the affairs of Armenia, which at the time was a bone of contention between Rome and the Parthian Empire , and brought his brother Mithridates (r. 35–51) to the throne of Armenia. But in 51 Parsman I instigated his son Rhadamistos to overthrow Mithridates and occupy the Armenian throne, only to be expelled from the kingdom in 55. Parsman's successor Mirdat I (r. 58-106) forged an alliance with Rome to defend Iberia's borders against the Alans , who were nomads from the north. A stone inscription discovered in the Iberian capital of Mtskheta speaks of Mirdat as the friend of the Caesars and the loving Iberian king of the Romans . In the year 75, the Roman emperor Vespasian helped the Iberian king fortify the Acropolis of Armazi.

Once the descendants of the Parthian Arsacids had consolidated their power in Armenia in the 2nd century, they replaced the Parnawasids in Iberia. According to the Georgian Chronicles, this happened when nobles began a revolt against Amazasp II (r. 185-189) and with the help of the King of Armenia Vologases II (r. 180-191), who was married to Amazasp's sister, theirs Monarchs fell and killed. Vologases II installed his son and nephew Amazasps Rew I (r. 189-216) on the Iberian throne and thus introduced the Iberian dynasty of the Arsacids.

Parnavasid kings of Iberia

Parnavasids

Nimrodids or Second Parnavasid Dynasty

Third Parnavasid dynasty

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stephen H. Rapp, p. 276.
  2. ↑ Cyril Toumanoff, p. 185.
  3. ↑ Pavle Ingoroqva takes 284–219 BC. BC as the reign of Parnavazs. Even so, all of this data remains largely speculative. Stephen H. Rapp, p. 274.
  4. ↑ Ronald Grigor Suny, p. 14.
  5. ↑ Ronald Grigor Suny, p. 15.

swell

  • Ronald Grigor Suny: The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition. Indiana University Press, 1994, ISBN 0-253-20915-3 .
  • Stephen H. Rapp: Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts. Peeters Bvba, 2003, ISBN 90-429-1318-5 .
  • Cyril Toumanoff: Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Georgetown University Press, 1963.
  • Giorgi Melikishvili, Otar Lordkipanidze: Очерки истории Грузии. ( Studies in the History of Georgia ), Vol. 1: Metsniereba, 1989, ISBN 5-520-00498-6 .