Pause
The pause is a necessary stylistic device in rhetoric with regard to a meaningful and focused transport of spoken content.
Pause in speech
Pauses refer to speaking intervals of variable duration. A “non-stop” presentation of spoken content leads to a monotonous, hypnotizing way of speaking, which causes the recipient to be in an alpha state . Statements are not perceived in their meaning. Emphasis or gradation of spoken content cannot be set. Speaking lively therefore requires pauses and changes in tempo, pitch, volume, sound, pauses in speech, accentuation, and articulation . Speech pauses give the audience the opportunity to process what has been said. Change of eye contact and intensive facial expressions support the caesura of the break. A distinction can be made between:
- Relevance breaks
before the expression to be emphasized - intervals of variable duration without speech signal , use as a rhetorical-stylistic means to emphasize and identify what has already been said and / or what follows; there is an interplay of pause (before the expression to be emphasized) and weighting accent. Speech content of different relevance is transported through caesuras in front of parentheses with a segmentation pause at the end of the parenthesis.
- Delay breaks
often between the article and the remainder of a noun phrase - temporary complications in connection with gradually beginning speech thinking, arbitrary use, non-strategic, spontaneous and unpredictable; they occur in the case of an expectation horizon of the audience like u. U. also of the speaker after further speech content or to bridge the pauses between renewed thinking / reflection and speech act.
- Segmentation breaks
( prosodic pauses) - intonation-related , melody sequence to identify the utterance, two variants, intermediate , cadences ; Final pauses refer to the fact that a speech pause goes hand in hand with the conclusion of a speech Phrase or sub-clause).
notation
When preparing an oral presentation, the pause in speaking is indicated by an IPA symbol / or | and longer pauses are identified by repeatedly setting the pause // /// .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Moesslang: Five speaking tips for your speech. Rhetoric magazine, accessed on March 27, 2018 /
- ↑ Hans Günter Tillmann, Florian Schiel: Acoustic Phonetics - Chapter III. How does speech sound become real language? accessed on March 27, 2018
- ↑ pause sign