Pha Mueang

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Pha Mueang (full name Pho Khun Pha Mueang , Thai : พ่อขุน ผา เมือง ; * late 12th century, † mid 13th century) was a Thai nobleman and general who played an important role in the establishment of the Sukhothai Kingdom .

origin

Pha Mueang

Pha Mueang is said to be a descendant of the legendary Nam Tham , a hero whose name is mentioned in the family trees of many Tai peoples . Pha Mueang's further origin is described by his grandfather in the so-called "Inscription II": he is said to have been the ruler of a city-state ( Mueang ) called Mueang Rat ( เจ้า เมือง ราด ). Where Mueang Rat is supposed to have been is now a matter of dispute. Many believe that it can be found in the valley of Mae Nam Pa Sak . Therefore, the residents of Phetchabun in Lom Sak County erected a large statue of Pha Mueang ( อนุสาวรีย์ พ่อขุน ผา เมือง ). The historianHowever, AB Griswold is of the opinion that, due to geographical conditions, Mueang Rat must have been located in the valley of the Mae Nam Nan (Nan River) near Uttaradit .

Pha Mueang had the "God of Mueang Sri Sodharapura" ( God  : ผีฟ้า ., Corr . Skt Deva Raja ), so the king of Angkor , entitled "Sri Indraditya" along with the "sword of victory" (Phrasaeng Chaisri, ชัยศรี พระแสง ), as an addition he received the Khmer title "Kamateng An Pha Mueang". At the same time he was given the king's "daughter", Nang Sikhara Mahadevi, as his wife. But he was probably also asked to take an “oath of loyalty” to Angkor.

Bang Klang Thao

Only a few dates are known of the prehistory of Bang Klang Thao (full name: Pho Khun Bang Klang Thao, also: Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao , พ่อขุน บาง กลางหาว ). He was a friend and ally of Pha Mueang. Bang Klang Thao was the ruler of the city-state of Mueang Bang Yang ( เจ้า เมือง บาง ยาง ), the location of which is also unknown. AB Griswold suspects it to be somewhere between Mueang Rat and Si Satchanalai , possibly also at today's Ban Yang, which is about 7 km south of New Sukhothai .

Liberation from Khmer rule

After Jayavarman VII died around 1220, Angkor's power in the northwestern settlements waned. An outpost of the Khmer empire was held in Sukhothai by the military leader Khom Samat Klon Lamphong ( ขอ ม ส มา ด โข ล ญ ลำ พง ) .

In “Inscription II” it is further described that sometime - probably around 1238-1240 - Pha Mueang united his army with that of Bang Klang Thao and marched towards Sukhothai. In the following skirmish outside the city gates, Bang Klang Thao fought the clone Lamphong, both from the back of their war elephants : "The bold clone Lamphong was completely defeated".

After defeating the Khmer troops, Pha Mueang entrusted the government of Sukhothai to Bang Klang Thao. He now moved into Sukhothai with his men. A little later, Pha Mueang consecrated Bang Klang Thao as "Chao Mueang Sukhothai" (ruler of Sukhothai, เจ้า เมือง สุโขทัย ). Pha Mueang transferred his title “ Sri Indraditya ” to his fellow campaigner. The new king of Sukhothai also received the "sword of victory" as a token of his success and as the palladion of the new kingdom. Sri Indraditya is now considered to be the founder of the Phra Ruang dynasty of the Sukhothai Kingdom .

literature

  • George Coedès : The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty . The Siam Society , Bangkok, 1921 ( 1.3MB PDF )
  • AB Griswold : Towards A History Of Sukhothai Art . The Fine Arts Department, Bangkok 1967 (oh. ISBN)
  • Griswold, AB, and Prasert na Nagara: Epigraphic and Historical Studies, No.10: King Lodaiya of Sukhodaya and his contemporaries . The Siam Society, Bangkok 1972 ( 16.4MB PDF with photos, transcript and comments on "Inscription II")
  • Dawn F. Rooney: Ancient Sukhothai, Thailand's Cultural Heritage . River Books, Bangkok 2008, ISBN 978-974-9863-42-8

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Betty Gosling: Sukhothai Its History, Culture, And Art . Asia Books (Oxford University Press), Bangkok 1991, ISBN 974-8206-85-8
  2. ↑ "Inscription II" is a stone stele from 1357 that was found in Wat Si Chum of the Sukhothai Historical Park - George Coedes: L'Inscription de Nagara Jum . The Siam Society, Bangkok 1919 (PDF; 4.5 MB)
  3. ↑ Griswold: King Lodaiya of Sukhodaya , p. 110
  4. ^ David K. Wyatt: Thailand A Short History . Silkworm Books, Chiang Mai 1984, ISBN 974-7047-44-6 ; P. 52
  5. ^ Coedès: Origins
personal data
SURNAME Pha Mueang
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pho Khun Pha Mueang
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Thai nobleman and general
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH 13th Century