Phaeodarea

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Phaeodarea
# Circogonia isahedra # Circostephanus coronarius # Haeckeliana porcellana # Cortinetta tripodiscus # Medusetta tetranema # Challengeria murrayi
  1. Circogonia isahedra
  2. Circostephanus coronarius
  3. Haeckeliana porcellana
  4. Cortinetta tripodiscus
  5. Medusetta tetranema
  6. Challengeria murrayi
Systematics
without rank: Diaphoreticks
without rank: Sar
without rank: Rhizaria
without rank: Cercozoa
without rank: Thecofilosea
without rank: Phaeodarea
Scientific name
Phaeodarea
Haeckel , 1879

The Phaeodarea are a group of heterotrophic protists that were systematically regarded as radiolarians for a long time , but are now part of the Cercozoa .

features

The Phaeodarea are unicellular organisms with an internal skeleton. Its central capsule has a thickened, double-layered capsule wall with two types of openings: a large opening, known as the astropylum, with a large amount of continuous cytoplasm , and smaller openings, the parapylae, which usually sit on the side and run through the thin cytoplasmic cords. Inside the cell there is a dense mass of dark pigmented, granular cytoplasm, the phaeodium, which contains undigested waste.

If present, the mineral skeleton consists of scattered spikes or hollow silicate rods that are connected by organic material. They have a wide variety of shapes.

Systematics

The Phaeodarea have been assigned to the Radiolaria since they were first described by Ernst Haeckel in 1879 due to their morphology . Molecular genetic studies showed, however, that they are not closely related to the other two groups of Radiolaria, but belong to the Cercozoa .

They form a monophyletic group. In several works they were the sister group of the genus Pseudodifflugia , but their common position within the Cercozoa is unclear.

According to Adl et al. the Phaeodarea include the following groups:

supporting documents

  • Sina M. Adl et al .: The New Higher Level Classification of Eukaryotes with Emphasis on the Taxonomy of Protists. The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, Vol. 52, 2005, pp. 399-451. doi : 10.1111 / j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Mona Hoppenrath, Brian S. Leander: Ebriid Phylogeny and the Expansion of the Cercozoa . Protist, Volume 157, 2006, pp. 279-290, doi : 10.1016 / j.protis.2006.03.002
  2. ↑ David Bass, David Moreira, Purificacion Lopez-Garcıa, Stephane Polet, Ema E. Chao, Sophie von der Heyden, Jan Pawlowski, Thomas Cavalier-Smith: Polyubiquitin Insertions and the Phylogeny of Cercozoa and Rhizaria . Protist, Volume 156, 2005, pp. 149-161, doi : 10.1016 / j.protis.2005.03.001