Sar (eukaryotes)
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Ammonia tepida , a foraminifera with pseudopodia ready to be caught |
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| Systematics | ||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||
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| Adl et al., 2012 |
Sar is a taxon of mainly unicellular organisms , which is placed as a super-group to Diaphoretickes , a clade of eukaryotes (organisms with a cell nucleus ). It comprises the three groups of stramenopiles (including the multicellular brown algae ), alveolata and rhizaria , from whose first letter SAR the name was formed.
features
The taxon is defined purely phylogenetically and is delimited as the smallest common clade around the three recent species Bigelowiella natans Moestrup & Sengco 2001 as a representative of the Rhizaria, Tetrahymena thermophila Nanney & McCoy 1976 for the Alveolata and Thalassiosira pseudonana Cleve 1873 as the Stramenopile.
Not included therefore the clades around the human ( Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758) as representatives of the Opisthokonta to discoideum Dictyostelium Raper 1935 for Amoebozoa , Arabidopsis thaliana (Linnaeus) Heynhold 1842 for Archaeplastida , Euglena gracilis Klebs 1883 for excavata and Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Hay & Mohler in Hay et al. 1967 for the haptophyta .
Taxonomy
The name goes back to the acronym SAR, which was first used in 2007 by Fabien Burki in the context of phylogenetic studies , and which was formed from the first letters of the subgroups contained. The abbreviation became the usual identifier for the group and was then formally described in 2012 by Sina Adl in his revision of the systematics of eukaryotes as a taxon with the spelling 'Sar'. Thomas Cavalier-Smith coined the name 'Harosa' for the taxon in 2010 (first letters of Heterokonta , Alveolata and Rhizaria with the suffix -osa), but defined it on the basis of morphological characteristics.
Sar is the sister taxon of the Archaeplastida , together with them it forms the taxon Diaphoretickes . Sar contains three groups:
The internal system can be represented as follows using a cladogram :
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| Inner systematics of the Sar |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e SM Adl, AGB Simpson, CE Lane, J. Lukeš, D. Bass, SS Bowser, MW Brown, F. Burki, M. Dunthorn, V. Hampl, A. Heiss, M. Hoppenrath, E Lara, L. le Gall, DH Lynn, H. McManus, EAD Mitchell, SE Mozley-Stanridge, LW Parfrey, J. Pawlowski, S. Rueckert, L. Shadwick, CL Schoch, A. Smirnov, FW Spiegel: The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes. In: Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 59, 2012, pp. 429-514. PDF online
- ↑ Fabien Burki, K. Shalchian-Tabrizi, M. Minge, Å. Skjæveland, SI Nikolaev, KS Jakobsen, J. Pawlowski: Phylogenomics Reshuffles the Eukaryotic Supergroups. In: PLoS ONE. 2 (8), 2007, p. E790. (on-line)
- ^ Thomas Cavalier-Smith: Kingdoms Protozoa and Chromista and the eozoan root of the eukaryotic tree. In: Biology Letters. 6 (3), 2009, pp. 342-345. PDF online