Phosphatidylethanolamines
Phosphatidylethanolamines (short PE , also Kephaline ) belong to the lipids , more precisely to the phosphoglycerides . They are one of the most important phospholipids involved in the construction of biomembranes . The common structural element is glycerine , in which two of the three hydroxyl groups are esterified with a fatty acid each, the third with a monoalkyl phosphate . The end of the alkyl radical also carries an amino group .
The free hydroxyl group of the phosphate group is deprotonated under physiological conditions, the amino group is protonated . The radicals R stand for the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids .
Phosphatidylethanolamine - like phosphatidylcholine - is produced in the Kennedy metabolic pathway.
Functions
In cells
Phosphatidylethanolamines are present in all living cells, and these represent 25% of all phospholipids. In the human body, these are mainly found in nerve tissue such as the white matter of the brain, nerves and the spinal cord, where these account for 45% of all phospholipids.
Phosphatidylethanolamines also play a role in membrane fusion and also in the removal of the contractile ring of cytokinesis during cell division . It is also assumed that these also regulate membrane curvature.
In contrast to lecithins, phosphatidylethanolamines are also much thicker, which has a strong influence on the melting point.
In man
In humans, the metabolism of phosphatidylethanolamines is very likely to play an important role in the heart. When blood flow to the heart is disturbed, there is an asymmetric release of phosphatidylethanolamines. In addition, phosphatidylethanolamines play a role in the secretion of lipoprotein in the liver. Phosphatidylethanolamines also affect blood clotting by increasing the level of thrombin .
In bacteria
Phosphatidylcholines are one of the most important phospholipids in animals, while phosphatidylethanolamines are one of those found in bacteria. One of the main functions in bacteria is the expression of negative charges through the ionic membrane phospholipid.
Web links
- William W. Christie: Phosphatidylethanolamine and related lipids: structure, occurrence, biochemistry and analysis. (PDF; 168 kB) In: Lipid Library. AOCS , July 1, 2014, accessed April 22, 2017 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ F. Gibellini, TK Smith: The Kennedy pathway - De novo synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. In: IUBMB life. Volume 62, Number 6, June 2010, pp. 414-428, doi: 10.1002 / iub.337 . PMID 20503434 .
- ↑ Jean E. Vance, Guergana Tasseva: Formation and function of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mammalian cells . In: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (= Phospholipids and phospholipid metabolism ). tape 1831 , no. 3 , March 1, 2013, ISSN 1388-1981 , p. 543-554 , doi : 10.1016 / j.bbalip.2012.08.016 ( sciencedirect.com [accessed May 28, 2020]).
- ↑ Kazuo Emoto, Toshihide Kobayashi, Akiko Yamaji, Hiroyuki Aizawa, Ichiro Yahara: Redistribution of phosphatidylethanolamine at the cleavage furrow of dividing cells during cytokinesis . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . tape 93 , no. 23 , November 12, 1996, ISSN 0027-8424 , pp. 12867–12872 , doi : 10.1073 / pnas.93.23.12867 , PMID 8917511 ( pnas.org [accessed May 28, 2020]).
- ^ Jean E. Vance: Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in mammalian cells: two metabolically related aminophospholipids . In: Journal of Lipid Research . tape 49 , no. 7 , July 1, 2008, ISSN 0022-2275 , p. 1377-1387 , doi : 10.1194 / jlr.R700020-JLR200 , PMID 18204094 ( jlr.org [accessed May 28, 2020]).
- ↑ Rinku Majumder, Xiaoe Liang, Mary Ann Quinn-Allen, William H. Kane, Barry R. Lentz: Modulation of Prothrombinase Assembly and Activity by Phosphatidylethanolamine . In: Journal of Biological Chemistry . tape 286 , no. 41 , October 14, 2011, ISSN 0021-9258 , p. 35535-35542 , doi : 10.1074 / jbc.M111.260141 , PMID 21859710 ( jbc.org [accessed May 28, 2020]).