Phrataphernes

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Phrataphernes ( Greek : Φραταφέρνης) was under the last Achaemenid Persian king Darius III. a satrap from Parthia and Hyrcania in northeastern modern-day Iran . After the overthrow of Darius by Alexander the Great , he was restored to his old position and was one of his most loyal followers.

Life

Phrataphernes supported Darius with troops in the war against Alexander the Great and fought in the Battle of Gaugamela , where he commanded the Parthians, Hyrcans and Topeirs. But after the death of Darius he submitted to the conquerors and was confirmed by Alexander as a satrap. 330 BC He supported Alexander when he put down the rebellion of Satibarzanes in the neighboring province of Areia . In the winter of 327/328 he hands over Arsakes (the successor and rival of Satibarzanes) and other rebels to Alexander in Nautaka and is ordered to take the rebel satrap Autophradates prisoner. 328 BC He stayed with Alexander in Balkh , the capital of Bactria . As a result, the Marder and Tapurer rose against Alexander, who charged Phrataphernes with the suppression of the uprising, a task that he carried out with success. Thereupon Phrataphernes took part in Alexander's expedition to India, but he apparently returned relatively soon to Parthia, since from here he set out provisions and supplies to Gedrosien, where Alexander undertook an arduous desert march. Thereafter, Phrataphernes reappeared only after Alexander's death in 323 BC. In the sources; also his successors, the Diadochi , confirmed him in the imperial order of Babylon in his position as satrap. Apparently he died before 320 BC. BC, since this year at the conference of Triparadeisos , Parthia was awarded to Philip , until then ruler in Sogdia.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Josef Wiesehöfer, article Phrataphernes in Der Neue Pauly, Brill, Leiden
  2. ^ Johann Gustav Droysen: History of Hellenism. Tübingen 1952/1953, Volume 1, pp. 278-314
  3. ↑ History of Macedonia and the Empire: From Primeval Times to the Fall of the Persian-Macedonian Empire , 1832, Johann Ludwig Ferdinand Flathe, Verlag JA Barth, 1832, page 458
personal data
SURNAME Phrataphernes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Satrap of Parthia
DATE OF BIRTH 4th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH before 320 BC Chr.