Phrontisterion (Trebizond)

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The school building in the early 20th century

The Phrontisterion of Trapezous of Trebizond ( Greek Φροντιστήριο Τραπεζούντος or Φροντιστήριο Τραπεζούντας , English Trapezous College ) was a pontoon Greek educational institution in the Ottoman Empire , by 1682/3 to 1921 in Trabzon was.

background

In the Middle Ages , Trebizond was the capital of the Empire of Trebizond , one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire and the last Greek state to be conquered by the Ottomans in 1461. A strong Greek community lived in the city and the region during the following centuries.

history

The school was founded in 1682/83 by Sevastos Kyminitis , a pioneer of the modern Greek Enlightenment . It became the center of Greek-language education in the Pontos region. It was originally housed in the Sümela monastery . The main aim was to maintain the national and religious identity of the local Greek communities. The school was supported by generous donations made by wealthy Greek families, including the Velissarides and Kallivazis families, whose family members controlled trade in most of the Black Sea ports.

Pontic Greek students and teachers in front of the Phrontasterion of Trebizond (1911).

In 1817 Savvas Triantafyllidis became director of the Phrontisterion. The institution gained a higher level in educational standards as a result of the modern Greek Enlightenment. After 1839, especially from 1856, the Ottoman authorities allowed teachers who were trained in Athens in what was then the Kingdom of Greece to teach at the phronstisterion. One of them, Periklis Triantafyllidis, son of Savvas Triantafyllidis, taught classical philosophy and recorded the local Greek dialect, Pontic Greek .

In 1902 the Phrontisterion was housed in a new building, which is still considered the most impressive Pontic Greek building in Trebizond. The four-story building had 36 classrooms. It was close to the Greek Orthodox Church of Gregory of Nyssa, which was destroyed in 1930, and the Armenian Cathedral. The school had to close in November 1921 as a result of the persecution of Greece in the Ottoman Empire from 1914 to 1923 and the defeat of Greece in the Greco-Turkish War . In the years that followed, the local Greek population was expelled from the region as part of the population exchanges between Greece and Turkey . Today the building houses the Turkish-speaking Kanuni Anadolu Lisesi .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elizabeth Özdalga: Late Ottoman society: the intellectual legacy . Routledge, 2005, ISBN 0-415-34164-7 , pp. 259 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ^ Bryer, Winfield (2006): pp. Ix-xxvii
  3. ↑ a b Bryer, Winfield (2006): p. Xxxiii
  4. ↑ a b c Emilia Salvanou: Φροντιστήριο Τραπεζούντας (Phrontisterion of Trapezous). In: Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία. Retrieved October 14, 2010 .
  5. ^ Bryer, Winfield (2006): p. 106 .
  6. ^ Bryer, Winfield (2006): p. Xxxiv
  7. ^ Bryer, Winfield (2006): pp. Xii

Coordinates: 41 ° 0 ′ 27.2 ″  N , 39 ° 43 ′ 42.6 ″  E