Physica Plinii
Physica Plinii is the Renaissance title of a late antique pharmacopoeia , which was written in Latin around the 6th century . It has survived in several codices and was published by Tommaso Pighinucci in 1509 in a printed version in 5 books. The name Pliny Valerianus was associated with this edition .
Book I-III
Book I-III of the Physica Plinii (PP) represents a revision of the Medicina Plinii (MP) with partially literal excerpts, but also extensive changes and extensions. Since the MP is dated to the beginning of the 4th century AD, these 3 books must have been written later. Numerous correspondences can also be found with the recipe book De medicamentis liber by Marcellus Empiricus , some of which also draws from the MP , which is dated to around 400 AD.
Contents of book I.
The prologue of Book I, in which the doctors are scolded and a practical breuiarium is announced, especially for travel, is taken from the MP with the exception of minor language changes. Like the MP, Book I follows the pattern 'from head to toe'. The chapter headings often correspond: for example PP I, 7 Ad capillos denigrandos and MP I, 5 Capillis denigrandis (both: 'Agents for coloring the hair black'), whereby in this case the chapters are largely identical. Both books recommend (version of the MP):
"Ouum coruinum in aeneo (PP: eneo) uase permiscetur, deinde raso capiti (PP: capite) in umbra inlinitur (PP: illinitur)"
Open a raven egg in an ore shell and rub the shaved head in the shade
In general, however, the range of PM remedies is more extensive. In this short text the further development of the Latin language becomes clear.
Contents of book II
Book II continues the treatment 'from head to toe' and treats heart, stomach and intestinal diseases, following Volume II of the MP. However, it begins with 20 chapters that have little or no equivalent in the MP. There are also numerous rearrangements, text deviations and insertions. The very short prescription MP II, 24 against Talorum dolori et tumori is z. B. quoted verbatim in PP II, 49. But it is greatly expanded, in addition to water sludge and boiled goat dung, dry bull dung, fresh dung, ashes from women's hair, sheep fat, sea lung (a jellyfish-like animal) and ashes of sea crabs are offered.
Contents of Book III
Of the 58 chapters of Book III, 39 have references to the MP. And all of the MP III chapters, with the exception of jaundice and epilepsy , which were drawn from PP II, are used by PP III. But the chapters have been rearranged and expanded. PP III, 15 Ad nervos et articulos et artridicos z. B. brings the entire content of MP III, 1 Ad nervos et articvlos , die fel uulturis (vulture gall), uermes terreni triti (grated earthworms), beta ex melle et fico ( Swiss chard in honey with fig), but a large one follows Number of mainly plant-based recipes.
Book IV and V
Books IV and V are not directly related to the first books, rather it is a probably coincidental compilation of a collector or writer.
Book IV is an excerpt from the writings of Quintus Gargilius Martialis , Book V an excerpt from old Latin adaptations (abbreviated translations) of the Greek writings of Alexander von Tralles . Also Scribonius Largus was involved.
Aftermath
Contents taken directly from the Physica Plinii can be found in the Lorsch Pharmacopoeia , which was completed at the end of the 8th century .
Text output
- Joachim Winkler: Physicae quae fertur Plinii Florentino-Pragenis liber primus ( Latin language and literature of the Middle Ages , edited by Alf Önnerfors , vol. 17). Frankfurt 1984.
- Walter Wachtmeister: Physicae quae fertur Plinii Florentino-Pragenis liber secundus ( Latin language and literature of the Middle Ages , edited by Alf Önnerfors, vol. 21). Frankfurt 1985.
- Günter Schmitz: Physicae quae fertur Plinii Florentino-Pragenis liber tertius ( Latin language and literature of the Middle Ages , edited by Alf Önnerfors, vol. 24). Frankfurt 1988.
- Alf Önnerfors (Ed.): Physica Plinii Bambergensis. (Cod. Bamb. Med. 2, fol. 93v, 232r). Olms, Hildesheim / New York 1975. ISBN 3-487-05873-1 .
literature
- Alain Touwaide : 'Physica Plinii'. In: The New Pauly. ( DOI ).
- Jutta Kollesch and Diethard Nickel: Marcellus on Remedies , edited by Max Niedermann , Berlin 1968.
- August Steier: Medicina Plinii . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XV, 1, Stuttgart 1931, Col. 81-85.
- Valentin Rose : Anecdota Graeca et Graecolatina , 2nd issue, V: De oleribus Martialis and the medical literature of the sixth century , Berlin 1870.
- Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. (Mathematical and natural scientific dissertation Würzburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1998 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 65). ISBN 3-8260-1667-X , pp. 73 f. and 235.
Individual evidence
- ↑ August Steier: Medicina Plinii in Paulys Realencyclopädie
- ↑ Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. (Mathematical and natural scientific dissertation Würzburg 1994) Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1998 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 65). ISBN 3-8260-1667-X , p. 235.
- ↑ Jutta Kollesch and Diethard Nickel: Marcellus on remedies , Conspectvs locorum
- ^ Günter Schmitz, Physicae quae fertur Plinii Florentino-Pragensis liber tertius , Conspectus fontium testimoniumque paragraphorum
- ↑ Valentin Rose, the medical literature of the sixth century
- ↑ Christina Becela-Deller: Ruta graveolens L. A medicinal plant in terms of art and cultural history. 1998, p. 235.