Phytotoxicity
The term phytotoxicity (also plant toxicity) describes the degree of harmfulness or toxicity of substances to plants.
Certain substances can cause temporary or permanent damage to plants. These are, for example, gaseous air pollutants , heavy metals , salts , pesticides , plant toxins or allelochemicals . Phytotoxic effects can become noticeable during plant growth or harvest, affect the entire plant or parts of it (roots, shoots, leaves, flowers or fruits) and manifest themselves in the loss of complete plants, changes in color, necrosis or deformations. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity or light can influence phytotoxic effects.
Corresponding detection methods are, for example, criteria such as the number of plants at a specified point in time, countable visual damage or measurable parameters such as height, length, diameter and weight of plants or plant parts.
Particular attention is paid to pesticides (especially herbicides ), which should kill the organisms to be controlled or push them back to an economically justifiable level, but should not affect treated plants and crops. The examination of phytotoxic properties is part of the effectiveness tests of such substances and is regulated by relevant laws and international standards, such as Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 (Plant Protection Products Regulation ) and the EPPO test guideline for assessing phytotoxicity 1/135 (2).
Web links
- Evaluation and approval of plant protection products / effectiveness and phytotoxicity; Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) / Federal Office for Food Safety
- Testing of crop plant compatibility with twice the application rate, Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety
- Phytotoxicity, information from the Ministry of Agriculture, Province of British Columbia (Engl.)
Individual evidence
- ^ Müfit Bahadir, H. Parlar, M. Spiteller: Springer Umweltlexikon . 2nd edition, Springer, 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-56998-2 , p. 887.
- ↑ Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009 (PDF) of the European Parliament and of the Council of October 21, 2009 on the placing of plant protection products on the market and repealing the Council Directives 79/117 / EEC and 91/414 / EEC.
- ↑ European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization: Efficacy evaluation of plant protection products. PP 1/135 (4) Phytotoxicity assessment, Third revision, 2014 (pdf) ( Memento from January 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive )