Pocolom group
The Pocolom group , also known as Pocola for short , is a special group of Etruscan ceramics that is closely related to the late Gnathia ceramics .
The Pocolom Group was named with the component POCOLOM due to inscriptions in Old Latin . Regardless of the shape of the vessel, all shapes in the group were called cups ( pocolum ). There is also the name of a deity in the genitive, which includes Asklepios , Bellona , Fortuna , Minerva , Saturnus , Vesta and Vulkan . The vessels of the group are usually decorated in the style of Gnathia ceramics with white, yellow, brown or red color. Today about 20 vessels are known, the majority of which are bowls, several oinochoes and jugs, one a fragment of a jug. In 1947 John D. Beazley combined seven of the Pocola with four other vessels, all of which belong to the so-called Lamboglia 27a and 27b forms , to the Vulcanus group , since the pictures can be ascribed to the same painter's hand. Two more copies could be included. Other bowls of a similar type do not belong to this group, since the usual Gnathia decoration is missing.
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The Pocola are known in the first half of the 3rd century BC. Dated. You can hardly find out before the time around 280/75 BC. Because Indian elephants are shown on several bowls , which were used for the first time by the armed forces of King Pyrrhus I during the Roman-Tarentine War in Italy. In addition, fragments of the Pocola were not found until 273 BC. Founded city of Cosa . Unlike the Gnathia pottery of Apulia , the Pocola has to be localized in Etruria or Latium . Vulci is believed to be the place of origin in Etruria and Rome in Latium . Ornaments, some of which have been painted over, are stamped on the bottom center of several of the vessels. The ornaments show four rosettes. The workshop of this ceramics, named by Jean-Paul Morel Atelier of the small stamps , was located in Rome, which means that the city must be accepted as the production site for ceramics.
The uses of the pocola are unclear. Rudolf Pagenstecher suspected a use as dedications in temples for the deities named in writing. However, comparable Gnathia plates have two holes in which they can be hung. These holes are not found in the Pocola. Only one of the vessels can be assigned to a complex with other votive offerings . Since it is a question of bowls and jugs, use as donation dishes was accepted at the symposium . It is also possible that the vessels were initially intended for a profane purpose and only later found use in a sepulcral or religious context.
literature
- Theun-Mathias Schmidt : The two “Pocola” in the Berlin Etruscan exhibition. In: Huberta Heres , Max Kunze (ed.): The world of the Etruscans. International Colloquium 24. – 26. October 1988 in Berlin. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-05-001013-4 , pp. 265-270.
- Theun-Mathias Schmidt: Studies on the vase art of Hellenism I: Two “Pocola” in the collection of antiquities and the meaning of Hellenistic erots. In: Researches and Reports . Vol. 28, 1990, ISSN 0067-6004 , pp. 71-96.
