Polska Partia Robotnicza

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The Polska Partia Robotnicza ( PPR ; German  Polish Workers' Party ) was a Polish communist party that was founded underground in Warsaw on January 5, 1942 . Its predecessor, the Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski (Communist Workers' Party of Poland, KPP), was dissolved by the Communist International in 1938 on the orders of Stalin . After the start of the German campaign in Russia in 1941 , communists living in Poland in particular had come to the point of attempting a revival in order to strengthen the resistance against the occupiers and to prepare for post-war work. In the years up to 1945 there was a competitive situation with the Związek Patriotów Polskich (Union of Polish Patriots, ZPP) Wanda Wasilewskas , who operated in Moscow , but the emergence of the new party would have been unthinkable without Stalin's approval.

The PPR initially created the Gwardia Ludowa (People's Guard, GL) as its military organization , which was renamed Armia Ludowa (People's Army, AL) in 1944 . The leading personnel of the party were either already in the Polish underground or jumped as parachutists in the east of the German-occupied area. The first chairman, Marceli Nowotko , was murdered by the brother of his deputy Bolesław Mołojec in 1942 for reasons that have not yet been clarified ; his successor, Paweł Finder, was exposed by the Gestapo in 1943 and shot. In their place, Władysław Gomułka and Bolesław Bierut, the two most important communist politicians of the years after 1945, took their place.

Units of the People's Guard took part in the Warsaw Uprising in 1944, although the party's official policy rejected and officially condemned it. The PPR tried to cooperate with other left groups from the social democratic and the peasant spectrum. After July 1944, it formed a large part of the new Provisional Government by the grace of Moscow. Politicians who had spent the war years in Moscow, such as Hilary Minc and Jakub Berman , now joined them . The number of members rose from around 37,000 in 1945 to just under a million at the end of 1948.

According to the practice in some states of the Soviet sphere of influence, the union with the Polish Socialist Party took place on December 21, 1948 to form the Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza (Polish United Workers' Party, PZPR).