Privilegio General de Aragon

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In the Privilegio General de Aragon , King Peter III confessed . of Aragon under pressure in 1283 the Cortes , but especially the high nobility , a multitude of freedom and participation rights.

prehistory

In 1265 belehnte Pope Clement IV. Charles of Anjou the youngest son of the French king with the Kingdom of Sicily. On January 6, 1266, the coronation took place in the Lateran . After an uprising by the people of Sicily ( Sicilian Vespers ) against Charles of Anjou, Peter III occupied . of Aragon and was crowned King of Sicily on September 4th in the Cathedral of Palermo.

The costly operation was financed by taxes from the kingdoms of Aragon and Valencia and the Principality of Catalonia. Pope Martin IV responded with the excommunication of Peter. The Holy See saw the lands of the Crown of Aragon as a papal fiefdom, which it now transferred to the underage Charles , the younger son of the King of France. In order to enforce his decisions, the Pope declared the war against Peter to be a fight against unbelievers. In 1284 he called for the Aragonese Crusade against the lands ruled by Peter.

In particular, the high nobility of Aragon had long endeavored to expand their rights vis-à-vis the king, to define them clearly and to obtain a binding obligation from the king. During the meeting of the Cortes of Aragon in 1265, the high nobility of King James I was able to obtain some concessions. The Cortes of Aragon consisted of four chambers (brazos), the high nobility, the lower nobility, the high clergy and the representatives of the cities. In the situation in which Peter III. was in 1283, he could only achieve the loyalty of his subjects through extensive concessions. In October 1283, under pressure from the high nobility, the king summoned the Cortes of Aragon to Saragossa. All four chambers of the Cortes agreed to the Privilegio General de Aragón, which was then given by Peter III. and the Crown Prince Alfons III. was signed.

Content

The 31 articles of the Privilegio General can be divided into six thematic areas: 1. The affairs of the nobility and relations between the estates, 2. the central and local administration, 3. the economic system, 4. the financial administration, 5. the judiciary, 6. the political constitution.

From a modern point of view, the rights of the Privilegio General are divided into individual rights, the rights of the estates and the rights of the nation.

Individual liberties

At a time when there was no separation of powers and all violence was concentrated in the king, it was important that this violence be controlled, particularly in the area of ​​the administration of justice. In the Privilegio General it was stipulated, among other things, that judicial investigations against persons of all classes could only be carried out if there was a victim. There was also a ban on torture. The only exception to this ban was foreigners in cases of counterfeiting. All legal proceedings, including criminal proceedings, had to take place publicly and during the day before regular, locally competent courts. Later, the rule developed from this that prisoners were not allowed to be detained in the Aljafería or in other castles, towers or private prisons, but only in general prisons.

Liberties of the Estates

1. The award of dominions by the king as thanks for services rendered is limited to the high nobility of Aragon to the exclusion of foreign followers. 2. The obligation to serve the king for honors received is limited. 3. There is no obligation to accompany the king on overseas ventures. 4. The king can only revoke domains granted by the king as thanks for services rendered with a conclusive reason and a decision by the Justicia de Aragón and the Cortes. Confiscation of goods is only possible in the event of high treason. 5. The lower nobility have the right to buy land from the king.

Nation's Freedom Rights

The concept of the contract between the monarch and the subjects (pactismo) plays a role in the nation's freedom rights. The king respected the traditional rights of the subjects and the subjects remained loyal to the king. The Privilegio General was seen as a form of this contract.

After the Privilegio General, the Justicia de Aragón decided all disputes. who appeared in the Cortes between the chambers of the high nobility, the lower nobility and the representatives of the cities, according to traditional law.

The regulation that all offices in the Kingdom of Aragon are to be filled by people from Aragon was also regarded as a freedom right of the nation.

The holding of Cortes provided for in the Privilegio General was intended to ensure greater participation in the decisions that affected the kingdom. However, this rule was largely ignored by the kings.

The regulations of the Privilegio General were expanded or reinterpreted in some points due to pressure from the Cortes on the kings.

assessment

The Privilegio General of 1283 formed the basis for the development of regulated constitutional structures in Aragon and opened the doors to the participation of the estates in the king's assemblies as part of the subjects who represented the rest of the country. It is compared to the Magna Carta , in which, under similar circumstances, basic political freedoms were guaranteed to the English nobility in 1215. When the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile were united in personal union at the end of the 15th century, these national rights repeatedly led to conflicts.

literature

  • Esteban Sarasa Sanchez: El Privilegio General de Aragón . Ed .: Servicio de Prensa y Publicaciones de las Cortes de Aragón. Saragossa 1984, ISBN 84-500-9682-0 , p. 90 (Spanish, derechoaragones.es [accessed March 23, 2015]).
  • Jesús Lalinde Abadía: Los derechos individuales en the "Privilegio General de Aragón" . In: Alfonso García-Gallo y de Diego (ed.): Anuario de historia del derecho español (=  Publicaciónes del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Juridicos ). tape 1 . Ministerio de Justicia y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 1980, p. 55-68 (Spanish, derechoaragones.es [accessed May 4, 2015]).

Web links

  • Libertades. (PDF) In: Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa. El Periodico de Aragón, July 16, 2009, accessed January 20, 2015 (Spanish).
  • Justicia de Aragon. (PDF) In: Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa. El Periodico de Aragón, April 15, 2011, accessed January 20, 2015 (Spanish).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Javier Vallejo Martínez: Las Vísperas Sicilianas . In: Historia Rei Militaris: Historia Militar, Política y Social . No. 7 , 2014, p. 100 (Spanish, [1] [accessed April 8, 2015]).
  2. ^ Esteban Sarasa Sanchez: El Privilegio General de Aragón . Ed .: Servicio de Prensa y Publicaciones de las Cortes de Aragón. Saragossa, ISBN 84-500-9682-0 , p. 25 (Spanish, [2] [accessed March 23, 2015]).
  3. ^ Esteban Sarasa Sanchez: El Privilegio General de Aragón . Ed .: Servicio de Prensa y Publicaciones de las Cortes de Aragón. Saragossa, ISBN 84-500-9682-0 , p. 36 (Spanish, [3] [accessed March 23, 2015]).
  4. ↑ Jesús Lalinde Abadía: Los derechos individuales en the "Privilegio General de Aragón" . In: Alfonso García-Gallo y de Diego (ed.): Anuario de historia del derecho español (=  Publicaciónes del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Juridicos ). tape 1 . Ministerio de Justicia y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 1980, p. 63 (Spanish, [4] [accessed May 4, 2015]).
  5. ↑ Jesús Lalinde Abadía: Los derechos individuales en the "Privilegio General de Aragón" . In: Alfonso García-Gallo y de Diego (ed.): Anuario de historia del derecho español (=  Publicaciónes del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Juridicos ). tape 1 . Ministerio de Justicia y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 1980, p. 57 (Spanish, [5] [accessed May 4, 2015]).
  6. ↑ Jesús Lalinde Abadía: Los derechos individuales en the "Privilegio General de Aragón" . In: Alfonso García-Gallo y de Diego (ed.): Anuario de historia del derecho español (=  Publicaciónes del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Juridicos ). tape 1 . Ministerio de Justicia y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 1980, p. 68 (Spanish, [6] [accessed May 4, 2015]).
  7. ↑ a b Libertades. (PDF) In: Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa. El Periodico de Aragón, July 16, 2009, accessed January 20, 2015 (Spanish).
  8. ↑ Jesús Lalinde Abadía: Los derechos individuales en the "Privilegio General de Aragón" . In: Alfonso García-Gallo y de Diego (ed.): Anuario de historia del derecho español (=  Publicaciónes del Instituto Nacional de Estudios Juridicos ). tape 1 . Ministerio de Justicia y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid 1980, p. 60 (Spanish, [7] [accessed May 4, 2015]).
  9. ^ Esteban Sarasa Sanchez: El Privilegio General de Aragón . Ed .: Servicio de Prensa y Publicaciones de las Cortes de Aragón. Saragossa, ISBN 84-500-9682-0 , p. 35 (Spanish, [8] [accessed March 23, 2015]).
  10. ^ Esteban Sarasa Sanchez: El Privilegio General de Aragón . Ed .: Servicio de Prensa y Publicaciones de las Cortes de Aragón. Saragossa, ISBN 84-500-9682-0 , p. 61 (Spanish, [9] [accessed March 23, 2015]).
  11. ↑ Joseph Perez: Ferdinand and Isabella . Callwey, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-7667-0923-2 , pp. 142 (from the French by Antoinette Gittinger). }