Pro-Choice

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pro-Choice ( Engl. "For the option" ) is the name of an originally American social movement , which for reproductive self-determination rights of employed women and the different opinion media meanwhile movements in the context of abortion debates in other states, such as be attributed to the Federal Republic of Germany. She believes that a pregnant woman should be able to choose freely and lawfully to have an abortion . The name of the movement is the opposite of the term Pro-Life .

history

Pro-Choice Demonstration 2008

The civil rights movement , known as Pro-Choice , arose out of a loose association of women's health groups and other grassroots activists in the United States in the 1960s. It is based on the liberal idea of ​​the individual right to self-determination and freedom of choice for women. Before Pro-Choice became a well-organized international movement, it achieved its most spectacular success with the legalization of abortion in 1973 in the United States . This was based on the ruling of the US Supreme Court in the Roe vs. Wade , who ruled that during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy a woman has the right to decide about an abortion, but that a state can prohibit an abortion during the third trimester except when the woman's life or health is at risk. The movement's arguments include references to the fate of women who have self-aborted for lack of alternatives .

The 1973 Supreme Court decision accelerated the growth of two opposing social movements on the issue of abortion: the pro-life and the pro-choice movements.

World outlook and philosophical background

The pro-choice movement cannot be explicitly assigned to a sociological grouping, but rather, according to Staggenborg, heterogeneous , sometimes contradicting positions of individual organizations and people can be identified, as can be seen from Sharon Smith, for example. In addition to feminism , according to the New York Times , there are also left- wing political , occasionally left- wing radicals , e . B. the online news service Socialism Today, represented positions. Some sociologists and political scientists also attribute reductionist attitudes to the proponents of the pro-choice movement , such as Michael Oswald and Thorsten Hüller. In his dissertation from 2013, Sven Meyer identified eugenic positions in the philosophy of movement.

Reasoning

Human rights positions under international law are often combined with biological justifications. In the opinion of proponents of the legalization of an abortion in the embryonic and sometimes the entire fetal phase, this constitutes a women's right that corresponds to the human right of sexual self-determination .

However, not all pro-choice organizations categorically reject the view of a fertilized egg and the subsequent embryonic and fetal phase as human life.

Individual groups that identify with the goals of the pro-choice movement argue, based on the argument that doctors and medical institutions willing to have abortion are undersupplied, that the right of women to abortion should be guaranteed at both national and international level. To this end, doctors and hospital operators would have to be obliged to carry out an abortion on request, regardless of their ideology, since otherwise there would be a repressive restriction of sexual and reproductive rights. Accordingly, current regulations on freedom of conscience and freedom of religion are predominantly arguments advanced by movements in the right to life in order to prevent women from exercising a fundamental right.

activities

Pro Familia Germany eV

Organizations that are close to the goals of the pro-choice movement are involved in social issues. The Pro Familia Deutschland eV association provides advice in accordance with the Pregnancy Conflict Act and also issues the advice certificates required for an abortion. The association also advocates free access to contraceptives for people with low incomes.

Donations for reported activists

The alliance for sexual self-determination called on the Internet in 2018 for a fundraising campaign for pro-choice activists who were reported by radical anti-abortion opponents and who had to expect expensive legal disputes.

Social awards

The pro-choice activist Sarah Diehl was nominated for the Berlin Women's Prize in 2013 for her educational work on the social situation of women, equal opportunities and integration in Germany.

Controversy

After the handover of 4,000 signatures by pro-choice activists, the mayor of Flensburg , Simone Lange ( SPD ), asked the operators of the new clinic to offer general abortions.

Critics of abortion advocates are of the opinion that by avoiding the designation of the unborn child as a child, an attempt is made to reduce the embryo or fetus to a biological mass and such by using terms such as "cell clusters", "pregnancy tissue" or "fruit tissue" to suggest that there could be no independent individual independent of the mother. In this context, Oswald speaks of "cell cluster framing". Prof. Dr. mult. Nikolaus Knoepffler , long-time member of the German Ethics Council , criticizes in this context that in the context of cell cluster framing, a morula , such as that present about 48 hours after fertilization, is shown, even though the embryonic phase only occurs after the 12th – 13th Week of pregnancy is over and most abortions are not carried out until later in this phase. According to Knoepffler's view, the expression "pile of cells" or "clumps of cells" is "simply wrong", since the heart begins to beat as early as the 4th week of pregnancy and all vital organs are created at the end of the embryonic phase.

In some publications of the pro-choice movement, or media related to it, the term "self-appointed" or "so-called" life protectors is used almost consistently for life rights movements. Likewise, the terms life rights activist or life protector are placed in quotation marks. Alternatively, the term anti-abortion is used. Many right-to-life movements feel discredited by this. In their opinion, or the opinion of their affiliated media, it should be suggested that the activists of the Pro Life movement are in truth not ostensibly representing the right to life, but rather the stigmatization and tutelage of responsible women should be achieved. Pro-life activists should also be reduced to their negative attitude towards abortion.

According to Vatican News, judge Nathalie Lieven, who is pro-choice affine, sentenced a learning disabled woman who was 22 weeks pregnant to an abortion against her and her mother's will. An appeals court subsequently overturned the judgment.

further reading

Web links

Commons : Pro-choice movement  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ per choice | Stop the silent march! Accessed January 5, 2020 (German).
  2. ↑ Anyone who makes abortion a policy is doing life a disservice. Retrieved January 5, 2020 .
  3. ↑ More than Pro Choice | Gunda Werner Institute. Retrieved January 5, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Denise Linke: Abortion: Our Abortion Mania . In: The time . September 24, 2014, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed January 5, 2020]).
  5. ↑ per choice | e * vibes. Accessed January 5, 2020 (German).
  6. ↑ Explained: Germany's plans to change controversial abortion laws. January 30, 2019, accessed January 5, 2020 (UK English).
  7. ^ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com): Pro-life and pro-choice in Germany | DW | 09/18/2015. Retrieved January 5, 2020 (UK English).
  8. ^ Sarah Souli, Cathryn Virginia: The Last Places in Europe Where It's Illegal to Get an Abortion. In: Vice. August 19, 2019, accessed January 5, 2020 .
  9. ↑ The term Pro-Choice has only appeared in the Oxford English Dictionary since 1975.
  10. ↑ Suzanne Staggenborg: The Pro-Choice Movement. Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict , Oxford University Press 1994, ISBN 978-0-19-508925-7 , pp. 3f.
  11. ↑ Tracy A. Weitz, Carole Joffe: Pro-Choice and Pro-Life Movements . In: George Ritzer (Ed.): Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology . Wiley-Blackwell 2007, doi: 10.1111 / b.9781405124331.2007.x .
  12. ^ Marlene Gerber Fried: Reproductive Rights Activism in the Post- Roe Era . In: American Journal of Public Health . 103, No. 1, January 2013, pp. 10-14. doi: 10.2105 / AJPH.2012.301125 .
  13. ↑ Suzanne Staggenborg: The Pro-Choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 1991, pp. 40 f .
  14. ^ Sharon Smith, Women and Socialism: Essays on Women's Liberation . Haymarket Books, Chicago 2015, pp. 81 ff .
  15. ↑ Suzanne Staggenborg: The Pro-Choice Movement: Organization and Activism in the Abortion Conflict . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 1991, pp. 25, 66 .
  16. ↑ Elizabeth Dias, Lisa Lerer: How a Divided Left Is Losing the Battle on Abortion . In: The New York Times . December 1, 2019, ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed January 5, 2020]).
  17. ^ Michael Wear: The Abortion Debate Is No Longer About Policy. May 28, 2019, accessed January 5, 2020 (American English).
  18. ^ Socialism Today - Abortion Rights. Retrieved January 5, 2020 .
  19. ^ A b Michael Oswald: Strategic Framing - An Introduction . Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2019, p. 21st f .
  20. ↑ Thorsten Hüller: Deliberative Democracy: Norms, Problems and Forms of Institutionalization . EUROPEANIZATION Contributions to the transnational and transcultural European debate vol. 2. Lit Verlag, Münster 2005, p. 63 ff .
  21. ↑ Sven Meyer: How is liberal eugenics possible? - Human formation from a liberal perspective and how it is differentiated from authoritarian eugenics . Dissertation to obtain the doctoral degree in philosophy (Dr. phil.) Submitted to the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Potsdam. Potsdam 2013, p. 79 ff .
  22. ↑ Abortion is a human right! Retrieved December 29, 2019 .
  23. ↑ TDF web editor: TERRE DES FEMMES - Human Rights for Women eV - Position paper from TERRE DES FEMMES - Human Rights for Women eV on the termination of pregnancy (on the right to reproductive self-determination / § 218 StGB). Accessed December 29, 2019 (German).
  24. ↑ A fetus is (not) a pile of cells! | Anti-sexist action Munich. Accessed December 29, 2019 (German).
  25. ↑ Dinah Riese: Fewer and Fewer Doctors: The Long Road to Abortion . In: The daily newspaper: taz . March 8, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed December 31, 2019]).
  26. ^ Pro Familia counseling center: Not enough doctors for abortions after compromising on § 219a StGB. March 27, 2019, accessed December 31, 2019 .
  27. ↑ a b Eike Sander, Ulli Jentsch, Felix Hansen (apabiz eV): Germany is drifting away! - Organized "protection of life", Christian fundamentalism, anti-feminism . In: LebensForum . tape 131 . Augsburg 2019.
  28. ↑ a b Eike Sander, Kirsten Achtelik, Ulli Jentsch: Kulturkampf and conscience - medical strategies of the "life protection" movement . In: LebensForum . tape 131 . Augsburg 2019.
  29. ↑ profamilia.de: Offers on site. Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
  30. ↑ profamilia.de: Projects and Campaigns. Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
  31. ↑ Call for donations 2018: Solidarity with pro-choice activists. December 4, 2018, accessed on January 10, 2020 (German).
  32. ^ "Pro Choice" activist Sarah Diehl recommended for Berlin Women's Prize. Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
  33. ^ A b Julian Heldt: Flensburg Malteser Diako Clinic: Debate about abortions - demonstrators present Simone Lange 4,000 signatures | shz.de. Retrieved January 6, 2020 .
  34. ^ NDR 1 Welle Nord: New Flensburg Clinic does not want abortions. Accessed January 10, 2020 (German).
  35. ↑ Manfred Spieker: Just don't talk about the child . In: Action Lebensrecht für Alle (Ed.): LebensForum . tape 131 . Augsburg 2019, p. 4th ff .
  36. ↑ Arte Documentation Taboo Abortion Why stay silent longer. Accessed December 30, 2019 (German).
  37. ↑ Rote Nelke: Self-proclaimed life protectors against gynecologists. In: Solidarity with Kristina Hänel, Bettina Gaber, Nora Szász and all other doctors accused under § 219a StGB. April 10, 2018, accessed on December 31, 2019 (German).
  38. ↑ a b A political danger also for LGBTI *: The “March for Life”. Accessed December 31, 2019 .
  39. ↑ a b Berlin gynecologist fights against §219a. Accessed December 31, 2019 .
  40. ↑ Gaby Mayr: Opponents of abortion on §219a: “That's just my hobby” . In: The daily newspaper: taz . April 10, 2018, ISSN  0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed December 31, 2019]).
  41. ^ Sebastian Lipp: Protest against anti-abortionists. In: Allgäu ⇏ far right. October 25, 2019, accessed on December 31, 2019 (German).
  42. ↑ The Daily Mail: The Daily Mail. January 30, 2019, accessed on January 10, 2020 (German).
  43. ↑ "Let's be confident. Let's get more offensive! ” Accessed January 10, 2020 .
  44. ↑ §219a judgment: Shame for Germany. Accessed December 31, 2019 .
  45. ↑ The Lies of Abortion Opponents. September 19, 2012, accessed on December 31, 2019 (German).
  46. ↑ The Daily Mail: The Daily Mail. September 21, 2019, accessed on December 31, 2019 (German).
  47. ↑ Great Britain: Church Appalled by Forced Abortion - Vatican News. June 24, 2019, accessed January 6, 2020 .
  48. ↑ a b Author Ottmar Miles-Paul: Abortion prevented against the will of those affected. June 29, 2019, accessed December 30, 2019 (German).
  49. ↑ a b Great Britain: Judge orders abortion in the 22nd week of pregnancy. Retrieved January 6, 2020 .
  50. ↑ a b Judge wants to force mentally handicapped woman to have an abortion - mother saves her with appeal. June 25, 2019, accessed January 6, 2020 .