Projection mapping

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Projection mapping is the process of using a projector to illuminate surfaces with any structure. The individual characteristics of the surface structure to be illuminated are already contained in the image plane (image plane) of the projector. The use of a precisely fitting template in the image plane of the projector is the basic requirement for projection mapping. Such a template can be created by calculation (with the help of photographs) or by tracing the surface structures through the projector, for which special techniques are used.

Static and dynamic projection mapping

Projection mapping is possible with all types of projectors, depending on the playback properties of the projector, a distinction is made between static and dynamic image content.

Static projection mapping

A static projection mapping is implemented with projectors that can reproduce still images (photos), such as B. slide projectors and overhead projectors . The precisely fitting template is included in the image level (film, slide). The precisely fitting still images are then projected onto the previously defined surface.

Dynamic projection mapping

A dynamic projection mapping is implemented with projectors, which can reproduce image sequences, in the vast majority of cases with video projectors. In this case, the precisely fitting template is contained in the file which is output via the image level of the video projector. The precisely fitting image sequences are then projected onto the previously defined surface.

Video projection mapping

The video projection mapping (also video mapping ) is considered an innovative form of the media art and refers to an individual to an object matched video projection. The technique of video mapping is used by artists and advertisers who want to make visual illusions on static objects tangible. Video mapping is often combined with audio effects to create an audiovisual narrative.

history

The video mapping first appeared in 1969 at the opening of the Haunted Mansion Dark Rides in Disneyland. There busts were recorded with individually adapted 16 mm film projections. The projections were produced in such a way that the faces of the busts were brought to life through facial expressions.

In the 1980s, the range of 3D graphics software on the market increased, making modeling and animating 3D objects easier and better. The use of video mapping has become more diverse over time and, in addition to its artistic aspect, has become increasingly entertaining among viewers. In the electronic music scene in particular, more and more visual artists were used to accompany the DJ's music with projections, and in many cases video mapping.

As a result of the further development of projection technology (greater brightness and resolution of the video projectors), from the mid-2000s it was so far that video mapping could also be used outdoors. The advertising industry in particular made use of this new type of presentation. It was immediately possible to address a large audience with video mapping and to achieve a high potential for attention. At the same time, video mapping is becoming more and more popular in the street art scene, and this technology is blurring the lines between advertising and art.

Projection mapping is an indicator of the current advancement of augmented reality in our everyday life and will be less and less distinguishable from analogue reality through further aspects such as higher resolution, interaction, real-time rendering.

technical description

To create a video mapping, an object, e.g. B. a building facade, first transformed into a digital surface. The object is then recreated as a digital model using special software. This model then serves as a template for the projection content. The selected content is tailored to the specifications of the video projector and the lens used. Any desired image content can now be adapted to this model with pixel accuracy. So it is e.g. B. possible with software that carries out corresponding virtual light calculations to generate content that gives the viewer the illusion of spatial depth. This is known as 3D video projection mapping or also 3D video mapping. So-called 3D glasses are not required for the illusion of spatial depth, since the projection object itself has spatial depth, which can be taken into account when creating the content.

It must be possible to clearly define the location of the projector in relation to the projection surface and should not be changed after a precisely fitting template has been created. If the installation location has nevertheless been changed, there is the option of adapting the projection content to the template again using so-called "warping".

For large-area projections, such as B. house facades, video projectors with light outputs of 20,000 Ansi Lumen or more are used. Small video mappings can also be created with less bright video projectors. The selection of the video projector and its brightness is made according to the ambient brightness. The brighter the ambient light, the more light has to reach the object, i.e. H. the stronger the luminosity of the video projector must be. In general, a ratio of 4: 1 is considered necessary; H. the amount of light on the projection surface should be four times higher than the amount of light in the vicinity of the projection object.

application

The areas of application of video mapping are diverse and are mainly used in the advertising industry and in media art.

Use as a marketing tool

Advertising agencies or companies use video mapping to get a lot of attention for their campaign goal. The possibility of individual adaptation to an object means that the campaign can be targeted with a high level of attention potential. The use of interactive video mapping is also becoming increasingly popular. A projection that the viewer can influence on site increases the recall value of the campaign message. Video mapping is very popular in so-called guerrilla marketing campaigns . An object is temporarily changed over a large area using projection technology. Since only light is used, there are hardly any material costs. In this way, a lot of attention is achieved despite a mostly small budget.

Use in media art

In electronic dance music, it is more and more common for DJs to accompany their music with synchronized visuals. Although normal projection screens are often used here, more and more artists are starting to create custom projection objects onto which a video mapping is then projected.

Visual artists also use video mapping as a means of creative expression with the approach of augmenting the existing creative media such as painting, drawing or performative art. Video mapping is thus becoming a new form of expression that can transform creative ideas into 3D projections, the complexity of which has a special effect on the viewer.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Treyer - Projection Mapping. ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Website of the webpage as part of an elective in the master’s degree in architecture at the ETH Hönggerberg (Science City). Retrieved on February 23, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / my.arch.ethz.ch
  2. ↑ Bret Jones - What is projection mapping? . Community Projection Mapping Central website . Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  3. ^ Bret Jones - The Illustrated History of Projection Mapping . Community Projection Mapping Central website . Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  4. ↑ Andrea Goffart - Play and Display - New event technologies are changing the perspective . Industry community website for the entire MICE and event industry.Retrieved February 23, 2015.