Pseudo-borrowing

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Types of borrowing according to Werner Betz (1959)

A Pseudoentlehnung or Scheinentlehnung is a word that sounds like it came from a foreign language, but in fact no debt or loan word is. Often it is a matter of analogies or imitations of already established foreign words. New formations and morphologically (but not semantically ) adopted words are considered pseudo-borrowings . Well-known examples of pseudo-borrowings are the pseudo-Anglicism Handy (in English an adjective meaning “practical”) and the pseudo- Gallicism hairdresser ( unknown in French , there coiffeur ).

Often a new word is formed from already familiar foreign words or characteristic components of foreign words in a language. In addition to the above-mentioned example “hairdresser” (from “hairstyle” and the French ending -eur , after engineer, etc.), the word show master for the moderator of a television entertainment program is a sham loan ( unknown in English , there it is called host ), which comes from the already existing foreign word show and the anglicizing master is derived. The same applies to the talk master , also made in German.

In the broadest sense, the new creation in a foreign language can also be understood as a pseudo-borrowing, but strictly speaking it represents a neologism that is formed according to the rules of word formation . The words telephone and telegram did not exist in Greek , but they are formed from Greek words. Sometimes bogus borrowings are also taken over into the vocabulary of the source language, so the two previous examples in modern Greek. Especially in the language of science, such as medicine, new words have emerged from ancient Greek or Latin word roots or hybrids from Greek and Latin elements, which are either compounds (not previously used in Greek and Latin) or derivatives with neo-Latin suffixes.

Another class of sham borrowings are newly invented words with sound combinations or syllables that are supposed or actually characteristic of the source language. Examples are the pseudo-Slavism Besoffski for a drunk or alcoholic and the pseudo- Anglicism Twen (from the initial syllable of English numerals ) for a person between the ages of 20 and 29.

literature

  • Betz, Werner. (1959) Loan words and loan coins in Pre- and Early German. In: Deutsche Wortgeschichte I , ed. by Friedrich Maurer & Friedrich Stroh , 127–147. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
  • Glahn, Richard: The influence of English on spoken German contemporary language. 2nd, revised edition. Peter Lang, Frankfurt a. a. 2002, Chapter Scheinentlenung , pp. 36–38, ISBN 3-631-38955-8 .

Web links

Wiktionary: pseudo-borrowing  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: Scheinentlenung  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ It is in mobile "common Substantivierung only in Dt to English.. A handy " handy, practical, "that is not the acquisition of a word from English: Wahrig: English Dictionary. 8, completely revised edition Edited. by Renate Wahrig-Burfeind, Wissen Media Verlag, Gütersloh / Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-577-10241-4 , keyword "Handy".
  2. ↑ It is in Hairdresser / barber a "französisierende dt derive. Fudge ", not to the acquisition of a word from French Wahrig: English Dictionary. 8th, completely revised edition. Edited by Renate Wahrig-Burfeind. Knowledge Media Verlag, Gütersloh / Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-577-10241-4 , keywords "hairdresser" / "hairdresser".
  3. ↑ According to Duden, Showmaster is a "German formation from English show (...) and master (...)", so no borrowing of the entire word from English: Duden. The big foreign dictionary. Origin and meaning of the foreign words. 4th updated edition. Edited and edited by the Scientific Council of the Duden editorial team. Dudenverlag, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007, ISBN 3-411-04164-1 , keyword: Showmaster .
  4. ↑ See Glahn, p. 37.
  5. ↑ See article Telefon (formed in German) and Telegram (formed in English from Greek words and probably borrowed from French into German) in: Duden. The dictionary of origin. Etymology of the German language. 5th, revised edition. Published by the Duden editorial team. Dudenverlag, Berlin / Mannheim / Züchrich 2014. ISBN 978-3-411-04075-9 .
  6. ↑ Herbert Pfeiffer: The large swear dictionary. More than 10,000 words of abuse, mockery and teasing to designate people. Eichborn, Frankfurt / Main 1996, ISBN 3-8218-3444-7 , keyword Besoffski .
  7. ↑ See Glahn, p. 37.