Psychiatry Museum Philippshospital
The Psychiatry Museum Philippshospital (Spital Museum) is a museum facility in the Philippshospital in Riedstadt, Hesse . The museum is located in house 8 of the building complex. Vitos Riedstadt is the sponsor . The archival supervision of the archives stored in the museum lies with the archive of the State Welfare Association of Hesse in Kassel.
The hospital, founded in 1535, is one of the oldest psychiatric nursing homes in Germany. In 1821 a specialization in the care and treatment of psychiatric patients began, which initiated the change from a mere custody facility for the mentally ill to a renowned specialist clinic.
The museum was founded in 1975 by Heinrich Steiner (head nurse) and Hans Deuster with the support of Ernst Trümner (administrative manager) in their spare time. A visit to the hospital museum is like a walk through the history of the Philipp Hospital. The visit is possible upon registration, there is an expert tour with explanations.
Landeshospital Hofheim, Landesheilanstalt Hofheim and Philippshospital
The actual history of the hospital begins in 1535, when Philip the Magnanimous , Landgrave of Hesse, decided to abolish all monasteries and parishes in his sphere of influence during the Reformation and Hofun was converted into the "Hohe Landeshospital Hofheim".
The Landeshospital Hofheim (today Philippshospital) was founded by Landgrave Philipp the Magnanimous in 1535 as one of a total of four high hospitals. The two institutions Haina (near Marburg) and Merxhausen (near Kassel) were only two years older . Gronau (near St. Goar) was only opened in 1542 and destroyed in the turmoil of the Thirty Years War (1618–1648).
For the four hospitals, fixed admission rules applied from the beginning:
Haina and Gronau were only intended for poor male rural residents, Hofheim and Merxhausen only for women in need from the Hessian villages. The catchment areas for Haina and Merxhausen were Upper and Lower Hesse in the old Landgraviate around Marburg and Kassel and for Hofheim (Philippshospital) and Gronau the smaller territories of the Upper and Lower Counties of Katzenelnbogen, which were inherited in the 15th century.
The fact that Hofheim was not a monastery but a parish was only due to the fact that there was no monastery in the Upper County, i.e. the territory around Darmstadt.
Every admission to Hofheim required a petition to the landgrave. This had to convincingly justify the need for hospital admission.
Exhibits
In the museum there is a treatise that goes back well before the time of Philip the Magnanimous. The prehistory and early history of the Hofheim Hospital, formerly a Protestant parish, is mentioned. There are medical histories since 1580, building and administrative files, location maps and plans.
There are also archives Hofheimer from 1584 and petitions from 1587 in the hospital museum.
The files also show a doctor's bill issued by the father (Dr. Karl-Ernst Büchner) of Georg Büchner , who was born in Goddelau .
1838 shows an occupancy of 370 "feeble or stupid" and 227 "drunkards".
Documents prove that the Hofheim Hospital was renamed the Philippshospital on November 13th, 1904 and that it had fishing rights in the Sandbach and a brewery.
In the museum you can find the oldest exhibits:
- a large hospital chest from 1620 with its complicated lock, in which the hospital master as head of the hospital kept his cash holdings until the beginning of the 19th century.
- a bellows from 1702 from the forge.
- Tools, which can be seen in the whole museum, point to the handicrafts that have been practiced here since the 16th century and are slowly becoming extinct here in the "Spital" after a long tradition.
For example, bathers, barbers and guards, blacksmiths, butchers, carpenters, carpenters, wagons, bricklayers, roofers, painters, white binders, linen weavers, tailors, saddlers and bookbinders can be found in the historical sources of Philippshospital.
Patients were always involved in the work in and around the hospital, as far as their physical and mental abilities allowed. Landgrave Philipp had already ordered in his deed of foundation from 1535 that the sick should work in the individual care areas.
But not only the everyday life of the hospital in all its areas is documented. The museum visitors also get an insight into the 19th century about the use of coercive means, such as constrained chairs or straitjackets .
A rare exhibit is the massive wooden, iron-studded door of a "Tobzelle" from the 18th century. In the so-called "Yellow Building", which was attached to the church and the big brother building and was demolished before the major renovation phase, there were 15 of these dark cells, closed off with wire mesh windows.
Room I (doctor) also houses the extensive historical library of the hospital with specialist medical books and magazines from 1820 to 1950. Here you can also find books on racial hygiene and racial theory.
The furniture shown comes from medical offices and treatment rooms, benches from the church and a dining room, a patient's table with institution crockery made of sheet metal and porcelain.
Laboratory equipment and medical instruments are shown. Preparations in formalin (heart, skullcap, tapeworms) from pathology served as objects for the nursing school in the Philipp Hospital.
The exhibition shows measuring devices that originate from the thermal and electricity power station built in the 19th century. With the small hand printer, the Philippshospital supplied itself with forms, billing or monitoring books. A loom (once 80 looms) and a spinning wheel are also part of it, in which patients were called in to collaborate.
The third exhibition room also shows two devices for electroconvulsive therapy , which have been used for almost all psychiatric diseases. An anesthetized patient was given electric shocks at both temples until a seizure occurred. Since a death in 1954, this treatment in the Philipp Hospital has been stopped.
The general medical examination of the patients in the Philippshospital also included dental treatment as required. A room was reserved for the dentist, the instruments are in a glass cabinet. There are also a number of sectional instruments in the showcase. In the case of an unclear death, the cause of an autopsy was determined. The archives of the Philipp Hospital contain dissection protocols from 1861 onwards.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Museum shows dark chapter of psychiatry. In: Die Welt , December 11, 2012
- ↑ Against the will of the patient - compulsory treatment in psychiatry. In: Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung , January 16, 2013
- ^ Exhibition in the Psychiatry Museum Therapy with torture methods. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , August 8, 2013
- ^ Eckart Roloff and Karin Henke-Wendt: From the magnanimous Landgrave Philipp to Nazi barbarism. In: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 2, Southern Germany. Verlag S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2015, pp. 206-208, ISBN 978-3-7776-2511-9
- ^ Vitos Riedstadt non-profit GmbH
- ↑ About us. In: lwv-hessen.de. Retrieved August 6, 2020 .
- ^ History of the Vitos Clinic Riedstadt
- ^ Museums in Riedstadt
Coordinates: 49 ° 49 ′ 7.1 ″ N , 8 ° 30 ′ 14.1 ″ E