Pulkovo Airlines Flight 9045
| Pulkovo Airlines Flight 9045 | |
|---|---|
 An aircraft of the affected type |
|
| Accident summary | |
| Accident type | Loss of controllability due to icing |
| place | near Nalchik , Kabardino-Balkaria , Russia
|
| date | February 24, 1994 |
| Fatalities | 13 |
| Survivors | 0 |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type |
 Antonov An-12BP
|
| operator |
Pulkovo Airlines
|
| Mark |
RA-11118
|
| Departure airport |
Pulkovo Airport , St. Petersburg , Russia
|
| Stopover |
Volgograd airport , Russia
|
| Destination airport |
Nalchik Airport , Kabardino-Balkaria , Russia
|
| Passengers | 7th |
| crew | 6th |
| Lists of aviation accidents | |
On February 24, 1994, an Antonov An-12BP crashed on Pulkovo Airlines flight 9045 (flight number: FV9045 ) shortly before landing in Nalchik in Kabardino-Balkaria . All 13 people on board the machine were killed in the accident.
plane
The aircraft used on the flight was a 23-year-old Soviet-made Antonov An-12BP that had made its maiden flight in 1971. The machine had the factory number 01348002 and the model serial number 80-02 . When it was commissioned, the machine bore the Soviet aircraft registration number CCCP-11342 . The aircraft was delivered to the Soviet Air Force on December 26, 1970 . In 1990 the airline Aerocomplex took over Antonov, which it passed on to Pulkovo Airlines in 1993 . This allowed the machine with the new, Russian aircraft registration RA-11118 . The four-engine transport aircraft was equipped with four Ivchenko AI-20M turboprop engines .
crew
There was a six-person crew on board, consisting of the 45-year-old flight captain Nikolai Petrovich Janitsky, the 46-year-old first officer Viktor Anatoljewitsch Prasolow, the 46-year-old navigator Michail Nikolajewitsch Vlasow, the 41-year-old radio operator Alexandr Jurljewitsch Levchuk, the 31st -year-old on-board mechanic Sergej Maratowitsch Anisimow and the 31-year-old flight operations manager Yuri Anatoljewitsch Jewstafjew.
Passengers and cargo
Seven passengers flew with it. The plane carried a load of coins weighing 12,515 kg, which were minted in the St. Petersburg mint.
the accident
The flight of the machine from St. Petersburg to Volgograd, the stopover and the subsequent take-off for the onward flight proceeded without any special incidents. When the aircraft was approaching Nalchik, the air traffic controller transmitted information about the current weather to the pilots. The transmitted data did not contain any information about icing conditions, which is why the pilots initially did not activate the de-icing system.
The engine de-icing system was only switched on immediately after the flight into a cloud cover. In retrospect it was no longer possible to determine whether the stabilizer's de-icing system was switched on, but it is very likely that it was not switched on. At a distance of 16 kilometers from the runway, the flaps were extended by 15 degrees. After the crew had flown to the glide path at a distance of 8 kilometers, they began to extend the flaps to 35 degrees, whereupon the aircraft hit the ground 31 seconds later.
By extending the flaps further to 35 degrees, the machine sank slightly, about 20 meters, below the glide path. About 15 seconds before the impact, the pilots increased the engine power at a distance of 6 kilometers from the airport in order to maintain the flight speed of about 260 km / h with the flaps extended. The negative deviation from the glide path increased to 40 meters.
In the last 7.5 seconds before the impact, the angle of attack of the machine suddenly increased from 5 to 13 degrees and then to 15 degrees within 1.5 seconds. The machine then remained in this position for about a second until it suddenly nodded downwards and steered from its altitude of 320 meters in a steep dive to the ground. Four seconds before the impact, the pilots tried to catch the aircraft from the dive by pulling the control column towards them, but the maneuver to avoid a collision was unsuccessful due to the low altitude. With a flight speed of 414 km / h and a vertical speed of 90 meters per second, the Antonov hit a plowed field 4.6 kilometers from the runway, broke apart and went up in flames.
root cause
During the investigation into the accident, it was found that the tail unit had iced up in flight. The ice formation caused the angle of attack on the horizontal stabilizer to reach supercritical values. When the pilots extended the landing flaps to the final position of 35 degrees on the approach to Nalchik, the center of lift shifted backwards. So the machine lowered its nose and took a dive. Because of the low altitude, she could no longer be intercepted from the vertical flight position.
One of the factors that contributed to the accident was the unreliable weather report from air traffic control in Nalchik, in which information about prevailing icing conditions was missing, which was due to the fact that dangerous weather phenomena were not identified early and the weather report was not updated quickly enough. In addition, incorrect recommendations for carrying out approaches under icing conditions were listed in the operating manual. Furthermore, complaints were made about the failure to switch on the aircraft de- icing system or that it was carried out too late , as well as the inability of the crew to follow the procedures specified in the operations manual.
Web links
swell
- Company history and accident report (Russian) on russianplanes.net
- Accident report AN-12 RA-11118 , Aviation Safety Network (English), accessed March 31, 2020.
- Accident report (Russian) on airdisaster.ru