Qunut
The Qunūt ( Arabic قنوت 'Obedience') is a supplication that is inserted into the Islamic ritual prayer in the morning or at night . Today it mostly consists of a request for divine grace and guidance, for which there are pre-formulated texts.
Originally, the Qunūt was a rite of curse in which the person praying raised his hands and asked God to destroy his enemies. When a large number of Muslims were massacred near Biʾr Maʿūna in 625, Mohammed himself is said to have cursed the tribe of the Banū Sulaim , who were responsible for the massacre, during morning prayers or witr prayer in the form of Qunūt for a month . Also 'Alī ibn Abi Talib and Mu'awiya I should have cursed each other throughout their dispute over the leadership of the Islamic community with the Qunut.
The change of the Qunūt from curse to simple supplication took place within the framework of the systematization of Islamic norms . There is relative agreement that the Qunūt belongs behind the bend of the trunk ( rukūʿ ) in the middle part of the prayer. However, opinions in the various schools of normative theory differed as to the degree to which the Qunūt is binding and whether one should raise one's hands . In particular, the Qunut at morning prayer was and is controversial. While Ash-Shafii and Mālik ibn Anas considered him to be a sunna obligation, Abu Hanifa and Ahmad ibn Hanbal thought he was abrogated and rejected him.
literature
- Suliman Bashear: "Qunūt in Tafsīr and Ḥadīth Literatures" in Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 19 (1995) 36-65.
- Ignaz Goldziher: "Magic elements in Islamic prayer" in Oriental Studies, dedicated to Theodor Nöldeke . Giessen 1906. pp. 323-329. Available online at: http://menadoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/ssg/content/pageview/516375?query=Goldziher
- Najam Iftikhar Haider: The origins of the Shīʿa: identity, ritual, and sacred space in eighth-century Kūfa. Cambridge 2011. pp. 95-137.
- AJ Wensinck: Art. "Kunūt" in Encyclopaedia of Islam . Second edition. Vol. V, pp. 394f.
Web link
supporting documents
- ↑ See Yaḥyā ibn Muḥammad Ibn Hubayra: al-Ifṣāḥ ʿan maʿānī ṣ-ṣiḥāḥ . Ed. Abū-ʿAbdallāh Muḥammad Ḥasan Muḥammad Ḥasan Ismāʿīl aš-Šāfiʿī. 2 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿilmiyya 1417/1996. Vol. I, p. 96.