Rôles d'Oléron

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The Rôles d'Oléron are a French law of the sea from the 13th century. They described customary law at sea, the customs of sea ​​trade and a catalog of penalties for violations.

history

The origins of the Rôles d'Oléron probably go back to practically exercised maritime law of the French maritime traders of the 12th and 13th centuries, which in turn was based on Mediterranean trade and maritime law. The Rôles d'Oléron got their name from the western French Atlantic island of Oléron , on which they are said to have been publicly announced and deposited by Eleanor of Aquitaine while she lived there. They were probably written down between 1160 and 1286 (depending on the source) and are considered the oldest written fixation of maritime law. The oldest surviving version of the Rôles is the copy in the Liber Horn collection of the legally committed English businessman Andrew Horn († 1328).

The Rôles mainly contain casuistic regulations of the legal relationships within the ship's crew, between the crews of different ships and the relationship between shipowners and charterers to the crew. Although the geographical starting point lies in the area of ​​Brittany and Normandy, the legal propositions spread throughout Western Europe by the 14th century. Copies of the Rôles d'Oléron form the basis of a number of other laws of the sea. Early adaptations of the 14th century, such as the Flemish translation Lugements / Vonnesse de Damme (Vorhafen von Bruges) or the Los de Westcapelle (Walcheren / Zeeland) later led to the general Dutch and Frisian Waterrecht . Further Hanseatic arrangements combined with Luebian law, such as the ordinances or ordinances, were valid as far as the Baltic Sea area and led to the law of the sea ​​in Wisby . As Waterrecht van Wisby , printed in Visby in 1505 , the legal collection even came back from there to the Netherlands. Henry VIII of England issued a The judgment of the sea, of Masters, of Mariners, and Merchants, and all their doings. release called version, which later strongly influenced the Black Book of the Admiralty . The importance of the Rôles d'Oléron can be judged from the fact that their influence can be proven up to the jurisprudence of modern times.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Treatise on Juridica International (English)  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.juridicainternational.eu  

literature

  • Karl-Friedrich Krieger : Origins and roots of the Rôles D'Oléron . Cologne, Vienna 1970, ISBN 3-412-25870-9 .
  • Heinrich Stettner: A candle for the sick seaman - From the "Rôles d'Oléron" to the "Wisby Sea Law" . In: Deutsche Schiffahrt . Förderverein Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum e. V., Bremerhaven 1994, p. 9-12 .
  • Jahnke, Carsten; Graßmann, Antjekathrin (ed.): Maritime Law in the Hanseatic Region of the 15th Century . Edition and commentary on the Flemish Copiar No. 9. Publications on the history of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Archive of the Hanseatic City, Lübeck 2003, ISBN 3-7950-0476-4 .

Web links