Rastachiz

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Rastachiz party meeting

The Rastachiz (correct Persian حزب رستاخیز Hizb-e Rastakhiz Party , DMG Hizb-i Rastāḫīz , Party of the Resurrection ') is one of the 2 March 1975 Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in Iran , founded the party , as Unity Party on the principle of democratic centralism was designed. With the establishment of the Rastachiz party, the two -party system that existed up to now wasreplaced by a one-party system .

The party has been banned in Iran itself since the Islamic Revolution in early 1979. It continues to exist today in exile as a monarchist party, with the aim of reinstating the old Pahlavi dynasty after overcoming the Islamic Republic in Iran .

prehistory

At the beginning of 1957, it was Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's declared aim to establish a two-party system in Iran based on the US model. He therefore instructed Prime Minister Manutschehr Eghbal that he should introduce a two-party system. Prime Minister Eghbal should found one of the two parties. While Prime Minister Eghbal founded the Melliyune (Nationalist Party) , Asadollah Alam founded the Mardom Party (People's Party) . Because of their character as puppet parties , they were nicknamed the Yes Party and Yes-Sir Party . The 19th session of Parliament ended on July 9, 1960 and a regular election campaign broke out between the parties. Completely unexpectedly, a third political force intervened in the election campaign of the two newly founded parties, the National Front , which was strengthened again in the politically liberal climate of the election campaign . Eghbal, now under attack from both the Mardom Party and the National Front, tried to “control” the July 19, 1960 elections. The massive election fraud led to massive protests and demonstrations. On August 3, 1960, Eghbal was even tried for election fraud. Even Ali Amini and Asadollah Alam spoke of the biggest fraud of Iranian history, prompting Prime Minister Eghbal resigned on August 7 1960th Mohammad Reza Shah called on the newly elected members of parliament to resign because they clearly did not have the trust of the population. Jafar Sharif-Emami became the new Prime Minister . The introduction of a two-party system had completely failed.

On December 16, 1963, Hassan Ali Mansur founded the Iran Novin (New Iran) party and quickly rose to become the majority party in Iran's parliamentary system. The Mardom Party (People's Party) founded by Asadollah Alam was the minority. Both parties, the ruling Iran Novin and the opposition Mardom Party, supported the policy of the White Revolution of Mohammad Reza Shah. After Mansur's death, Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda led the party.

Party formation

The Rastachiz party was founded under the government of Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda on the instructions of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. On March 2, 1975, the Shah declared that Iran's two-party system had not worked as he had hoped. The ruling Iran Novin Party would not involve other political groups in the political decision-making process. The aim is to create a political system that everyone can participate in politically. Instead of a two-party system, a one-party system should bundle the political decision-making process in Iran. As its first general secretary, Hoveyda was charged with drafting the party's statutes. On September 8, 1975, the founding party conference of Rastachiz took place. Any citizen of Iran over the age of 18 was automatically a member, unless they did not consent to membership.

Political activities

The party had two wings, a progressive wing led by Jamjid Amusegar and a constructive wing led by Hushang Ansary. The progressive wing advocated a welfare system, economic balance, decentralization and political participation, while the constructive wing put the political emphasis on economic growth, technological progress and industrialization. The two wings were supposed to organize the formation of political opinions and discuss the proposed legislation as part of the parliamentary decision-making process.

After 1979, the party was found to be complicit in the overthrow of the monarchy because its activities turned rather apolitical Iranians against itself. Of the influential in Iranian society traders the bazaars (bazaari) a mandatory membership was demanded. It was lamented that in large parts of Iran there was generally aggressive interference in the political, economic and religious concerns of people who did not want to participate politically. In addition, the few political parties that were legally allowed to exist in 1975 were eventually incorporated into the Rastachiz or banned.

A youth organization belonged to the party. This and a special fighting group of the party began a large-scale anti-usury campaign against the Bazaari in 1975, who eventually opposed it and were thus given the reputation of "enemies of the state". The Shah saw the campaign as a continuation of a "cultural modernization" of Iran, which should be in accordance with the principles of the White Revolution he initiated in 1963 and at the end of which a modern, western-oriented, secular Iran was the goal.

At the end of 1978 the Rastachiz's sole rule ended with the initiation of the Islamic Revolution . In February 1979 the Rastachiz party was finally banned. Several functionaries were executed unless they had already fled into exile.

Since the Islamic Revolution, the party has tried to work with other monarchist groups in exile for the restoration of the monarchy. Monarchist groups are strictly prohibited in Iran. Membership alone results in long prison sentences.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mohammed Reza Pahlevi: In the service of my country. Stuttgart undated, p. 156.
  2. ↑ Axworthy, Michael: Iran. World empire of the spirit. Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-8031-3636-7 , p. 252
  3. ↑ Gholam Reza Afkhami: The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press, 2009, p. 423.
  4. ↑ Gholam Reza Afkhami: The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press, 2009, p. 432.
  5. ↑ Gholam Reza Afkhami: The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press, 2009, p. 436.
  6. ↑ Gholam Reza Afkhami: The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press, 2009, p. 437.