Rectus

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As rectus [ rɛktʊs ] (also casus rectus ; lat. : Casus rectus "straight case") is a case referred to in which usually the subject is the sentence - the "rectus" would be in German so the nominative . The term “straight case” goes back to the representation of case relations in the Greek grammar tradition of the Stoa . The term "rectus" is used especially in languages ​​with two opposing cases; its counterpart is the obliquus (or casus obliquus ) - in German one could summarize genitive, dative and accusative under the generic term "obliquus".

In Indo-Aryan languages , the rectus has three functions: patient of transitive verbs, agent of transitive and intransitive verbs. Hindi , for example, has a case rectus , which has a vocative as a third case; the rectus serves here (except for transitive verbs in the perfective aspect) as a subject and indefinite object, while the obliquus comes before postpositions and is sometimes used to form adverbs:

 Rektus:     Kalkattâ          Kalkutta
 Obliquus:   Kalkatte     nach Kalkutta
             Kalkatte se  aus  Kalkutta

Separate forms for the rectus (originated from the Latin nominative) as the subject in contrast to the obliquus (originated from the Latin accusative) were also preserved in Old French in some declension classes (see two-kasus inflection ):

 Singular
 
                         Rektus                        Obliquus
 1. Klasse Feminina:     none         < nónna          nonain     < *nonnáne(m)
 3. Klasse Feminina:     suer         < sóror          seror      < soróre(m)
 1. Klasse Maskulina:    murs         < múrus          mur        < múru(m)
 3. Klasse Maskulina:    emperedre    < imperátor      emperedor  < imperatóre(m)
 
 
 Plural (im Femininum stimmen die Formen des Rektus und des Obliquus generell überein)
 
                         Rektus                        Obliquus
 1. Klasse Maskulina:    mur          < muri           murs       < muros
 3. Klasse Maskulina:    emperedor(s) < imperatóres    emperedors < imperatóres

The form emperedor (s) in the rectus mask. Pl. Has an -s etymologically (from the Latin ending -es), but often loses it in analogy to the nouns of the first class.