Obliquus (case)
When oblique [ obliːkvʊs ] (actually lat. : Casus obliquus "slate Case," "oblique case", plural casus obliqui) is in the Greek grammar tradition of the Stoa each case referred to, which is usually not the subject of a sentence occurring position. Oblique case [ oˈbliːkvə ˈkaːzuːs ] are, according to this tradition of thinking in German, the genitive , dative and accusative .
The complementary counterpart of the obliquus is the rectus (or casus rectus ).
In the Romance languages , today's noun forms, which have no case, continue the obliquus forms that go back to the Latin accusative . An example from the history of French language: mūrus (Latin nominative singular "wall")> murs (old French rectus singular), mūrum (Latin accusative singular)> mur (old French obliquus singular). This so-called Zweikasusflexion, which was only preserved in Old French and Old Occitan, collapsed as a result. Get remained only the oblique form mur . The New French form (le) mur , used for the subject and object case, is based on this form .
Some languages only know rectus and obliquus ( two-kasus inflection ) as cases , such as Kurdish , Pashto and Hindi . In Hindi, further cases are formed from the obliquus with the help of post positions . There are or were other languages in which one of several cases is referred to as Obliquus, for example Akkadian , Cebuano and Romani .
Oblique case in generative grammar
In the case theory of generative grammar , however, a different distinction is made:
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Structural cases are assigned based on grammatical function. E.g. in German:
- Nominative (assignment to the subject )
- Accusative (assignment to the direct object of transitive verbs)
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Oblique (or inherent) cases are not assigned based on grammatical function, but either
- due to lexical peculiarities , i.e. peculiarities of the word, e.g. B. has followed always dating to and follow always the accusative, or
- using semantic roles , for example in languages with an instrumental case, which identifies all parts of the sentence that have the role of "instrument".
