Rectus
As rectus [ rɛktʊs ] (also casus rectus ; lat. : Casus rectus "straight case") is a case referred to in which usually the subject is the sentence - the "rectus" would be in German so the nominative . The term “straight case” goes back to the representation of case relations in the Greek grammar tradition of the Stoa . The term "rectus" is used especially in languages with two opposing cases; its counterpart is the obliquus (or casus obliquus ) - in German one could summarize genitive, dative and accusative under the generic term "obliquus".
In Indo-Aryan languages , the rectus has three functions: patient of transitive verbs, agent of transitive and intransitive verbs. Hindi , for example, has a case rectus , which has a vocative as a third case; the rectus serves here (except for transitive verbs in the perfective aspect) as a subject and indefinite object, while the obliquus comes before postpositions and is sometimes used to form adverbs:
Rektus: Kalkattâ Kalkutta Obliquus: Kalkatte nach Kalkutta Kalkatte se aus Kalkutta
Separate forms for the rectus (originated from the Latin nominative) as the subject in contrast to the obliquus (originated from the Latin accusative) were also preserved in Old French in some declension classes (see two-kasus inflection ):
Singular Rektus Obliquus 1. Klasse Feminina: none < nónna nonain < *nonnáne(m) 3. Klasse Feminina: suer < sóror seror < soróre(m) 1. Klasse Maskulina: murs < múrus mur < múru(m) 3. Klasse Maskulina: emperedre < imperátor emperedor < imperatóre(m) Plural (im Femininum stimmen die Formen des Rektus und des Obliquus generell überein) Rektus Obliquus 1. Klasse Maskulina: mur < muri murs < muros 3. Klasse Maskulina: emperedor(s) < imperatóres emperedors < imperatóres
The form emperedor (s) in the rectus mask. Pl. Has an -s etymologically (from the Latin ending -es), but often loses it in analogy to the nouns of the first class.