Disparity
The term disparity (adj. Disparat , from the Latin disparatum = 'separated', 'separated') denotes the juxtaposition of unequal things. It can be translated as being different or different .
As disparate one common emerging terms understood if they can not be grouped under a higher generic or group into a single unit, so give no similar content and, therefore, incompatible. They can be used to describe a third party and do not necessarily have to contradict each other. However, the possibilities of personal associations seem to be very important here. Likewise, different perspectives on the same issue could be disparate if they cannot be combined into a common perspective.
Social disparities
In sociology and human geography , disparities are understood to mean unequal living conditions within a precisely defined area in social and economic terms (jobs, services, infrastructure). They are defined as deviations of certain characteristics considered socially relevant from an imaginary reference distribution that is related to a specific spatial level. One also speaks of global, national and regional disparities.
Spatial (regional) disparities are expressed in different living conditions and in unequal economic development opportunities. The urban-rural contrast can be understood as a form of spatial disparity. From an economic point of view, regional disparities can be described as the result of different regional growth. Indicators for this include the unemployment rate , average income and the quality of life in general.
Spatial (regional) disparities can be graphically illustrated with the aid of a disparity diagram.
Disparity thesis
The system of horizontal disparities is a theory of social inequality in economic sociology . The distribution of resources and thus the life chances of the respective social groups are changed by the different ways in which social and economic groups can influence the state . While socially weak and poorly organized groups such as the disabled or the unemployed have little influence on political decision-making processes, well-organized groups with strong leverage, such as banking or lobby groups of large corporations, can assert their interests more frequently. This explains, for example, the better level of development of the military compared to the education or health system.
Stereography
In connection with the stereo camera , stereo vision , depth image evaluation which is lateral disparity or deviation of the offset (engl. Offset ) in the position to the same object in the image on two different image planes occupies. The focal points belonging to the image planes are spatially separated from one another by the base b . If both lenses the focal length f for the distance r : , wherein d represents the disparity. The distance r to an object can therefore be determined by measuring the disparities in the stereo image. A disparity map of a stereo image is therefore equivalent to a depth image.
The disparity map can be calculated using the census transformation , for example.
Binocular vision
In ophthalmology , the term fixation disparity is used, a sensorimotor disorder of the two-eye vision that represents a measurable inaccuracy of the vergence system.
See also
- Dispersion (chemistry) , a heterogeneous mixture of substances that do not or hardly dissolve in each other or chemically combine with each other.
Web link
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- ↑ http://www.textlog.de/1274.html
- ↑ http://www.textlog.de/981.html
- ↑ DIERCKE: Dictionary General Geography. dtv-Verlag, Munich 2005.
- ↑ for an overview of various disparity theories cf. Linden, Markus (2013): The Political Representation of Weak Interests. Challenges from a political science perspective. In: Mercy urges justice. Advocacy, partisanship and lobbying as a challenge for social work and associations, ed. Alexander Dietz u. Stefan Gillich, Leipzig, pp. 89-108.
- ^ Herbert Kaufmann with Heimo Steffen: Strabismus. 4th fundamentally revised and expanded edition, Georg Thieme, Stuttgart / New York 2012, ISBN 3-13-129724-7 .