Response (Judaism)

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Responsen ( Hebrew She'elot uTeshuvot "questions and answers", from Latin responsa "answers") were legal inquiries in the Middle Ages and modern times to a Jewish halachic authority with the aim of making a normative decision ( Psak din ) on the inquiry to obtain.

These notices, which serve to find the Halacha , were and are collected in "responses collections". Many of these inquiries are hypothetical and were made by rabbis to a well-known Jewish legal scholar to confirm their own opinion. Viewed historically and critically , responses allow conclusions to be drawn about the problems and living conditions of Jews in their non-Jewish environment. For example, responses deal with relationships with non-Jewish trading partners or employees, behavior towards those forcibly baptized, etc.

According to Goldziher, some formulas and their placement were taken from the tradition of Islamic fatwas .

literature

  • Hans-Georg von Mutius : Legal decisions of Rhenish rabbis before the first crusade: Sources about the social and economic relations between Jews and Christians (Judaism and Environment 13). Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a.
  • Hans-Georg von Mutius: Legal decisions by Raschis from Troyes (1040-1105). Sources on the social and economic relationships between Jews and Christians (Judaism and the Environment 15). Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a.
  • Hans-Georg von Mutius: Legal decisions of Jewish law teachers from the Moorish Cordoba: Sources on the economic and social history of the Jewish minority in Spain and North Africa in the 10th and 11th centuries (Judaism and Environment 28). Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a. 1990, ISBN 3-631-42956-8 .
  • Hans-Georg von Mutius: Legal decisions Mordechai Kimchis from southern France. 13./14. Century (Judaism and Environment 31). Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a. 1991, ISBN 3-631-43757-9 .
  • Hans-Georg von Mutius: Legal decisions of medieval English rabbis (Judaism and the environment 60). Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a. 1995, ISBN 3-631-48493-3 .
  • Hans-Georg von Mutius: Legal decisions Abraham Ben Davids von Posquières (Judaism and Environment 70). Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a. 2001, ISBN 3-631-36922-0 .
  • Hans-Georg von Mutius: Further legal decisions by Abraham Ben Davids of Posquières (Judaism and Environment 73). Lang, Frankfurt / M. u. a. 2002, ISBN 3-631-38690-7 .
  • Zvi Zohar: Responses. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 5: Pr-Sy. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2014, ISBN 978-3-476-02505-0 , pp. 196-202.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem 1971), Vol. 9, pp. 91-105, Article Islam
  2. ^ Journal of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft 53/645, 1899, pp. 645–652 digitized
  3. ↑ Georg Olms, Hildesheim 1970, Vol. 4, pp. 224-231: I. Goldziher: About a formula in the Jewish response literature and in the Muslim Fetwas. In: ZDMG 53