Reverse genetics

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The reverse genetics is a discipline in the procedure of classical genetics is reversed. There an attempt is made to make statements about its genetic potential through the induced change in characteristics of an organism ( mutagenesis ).

In reverse genetics, one does not start from a phenomenon and then search for the corresponding gene, rather a gene segment is changed at a predetermined point by means of targeted mutagenesis. Then it is examined how this affects the function of a cell or an organism. The changes are then used to determine the function of the gene. Reverse genetics and its associated techniques ( mutagenesis , gene transfer , transfection ) are indispensable tools in modern molecular genetics .

Physcomitrella patens wild type (A) and knockout mosses produced from them (BD). Different phenotypes in knockout mutants. Physcomitrella wild type and transformed plants were grown on minimal medium (Knop medium) in orderto inducedifferentiation and gametophores . An overview (top row, size bar: 1 mm) and a close-up (bottom row, size bar: 0.5 mm) are shown for each plant. A, haploid wild-type moss plant that is completely covered with gametophores and a close-up of a leaflet. BD, Various Mutants.

One of the most efficient methods of targeted mutagenesis of genes is to switch them off using homologous recombination , so-called gene targeting . This technique is very well established in yeast . It was first applied to plants by Ralf Reski and his colleagues on the deciduous moss Physcomitrella . Alternatively, the artificial microRNA technology was developed 10 years later .

References

  1. ↑ Egener et al. BMC Plant Biology 2002 2: 6 doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2229-2-6 .
  2. ^ Ralf Reski (1998): Physcomitrella and Arabidopsis : the David and Goliath of reverse genetics. In: Trends in Plant Science. 3, 209-210. doi : 10.1016 / S1360-1385 (98) 01257-6 PDF ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.plant-biotech.net
  3. ↑ Basel Khraiwesh, Stefan Ossowski, Detlef Weigel, Ralf Reski , Wolfgang Frank (2008): Specific gene silencing by artificial microRNAs in Physcomitrella patens: An alternative to targeted gene knockouts. In: Plant Physiology. 148, 684-693. doi : 10.1104 / pp.108.128025 PDF

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