Red Barracks (Aachen)

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Old postcard of the Red Barracks in Aachen (approx. 1900–1914)

The Red Barracks was a military building made of red clinker stone, built in Aachen in 1890 . After the First World War it was handed over to the occupation troops for use. Before the Second World War, the building was converted into a section of the customs office. In the post-war period, the tax office moved in, and the old building finally had to give way in 1974.

Military use

After the new construction of the " Yellow Barracks " in 1881 and the abandonment of the Prinzenhof barracks in 1888, construction of another barracks began in 1890 on Kronprinzenstrasse . The street got its name in honor of the Crown Prince, later Friedrich III. who was temporarily in command of the regiment. While the Yellow Barracks was an imposing building complex built in the Wilhelmine Baroque style, savings now had to be made. The new barracks was a simple functional building. Because of the 109 m long facade made of red bricks, it was given the name "Red Barracks".

In the same year, after the autumn maneuver, the 2nd Battalion of the 5th Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 53 moved into the Red Barracks, with which the whole regiment was stationed in Aachen.

After 18 years in Aachen, in March 1895, the 5th Westphalian Infantry Regiment No. 53 was transferred to Cologne . On the same day, the fusilier regiment "Prince Karl-Anton von Hohenzollern" (Hohenzollernsches) No. 40 and the staff of the 29th Infantry Brigade moved from Cologne to Aachen. The 2nd Battalion was housed in the Red Barracks. In 1902 the accommodation of the fusilier regiment changed. The first and second battalions were accommodated in the yellow barracks, the III. This resulted in the designations barracks I / II for the yellow barracks and barracks III for the red barracks. In the same year, the Marienthal barracks were torn down .

First World War

In June 1913 the foundation of the infantry regiment "von Lützow" (1st Rheinisches) No. 25 was celebrated for the 100th time . The army was supplemented by a machine gun company , which moved into the Red Barracks.

As part of the November Revolution, on 8./9. November 1918 workers and soldiers' councils formed in Aachen . This forced the Aachen replacement troop units to hand over the yellow and red barracks. Various buildings in Aachen, including the barracks, had to be handed over for use by the Belgian occupation forces . The Red Barracks, called Caserne Rouge by the Belgians , was occupied, among other things, by motorists (cars and trucks).

Civil use

In 1933 the Rote Kaserne lost its military function. Some buildings were rebuilt and at the beginning of June 1934 a department of the customs office moved in. The office was previously called Hauptzollamt Aachen-Inlandsverkehr and now the Hauptzollamt Aachen-Kronprinzenstrasse . It was responsible for the Belgian border traffic.

After the end of the Second World War, there were millions of displaced persons in Germany. The military administration founded the so-called "homecoming camps", from where people could travel back to their home countries in collective transports. In Aachen those camps existed from March 15, 1945 to August 1946. The Red Barracks functioned as a branch of such a camp, as a “Brand Junior Camp”.

In 1947 the tax office moved into the Red Barracks building. In 1974 the demolition work of the Red Barracks began, creating space for the new building of the Aachen-Land tax office.

The remains of the red and yellow clinker bricks of both barracks are presumably built into the facade of the Rothe Erde train station .

literature

  • Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 .

Web links

Commons : Rote Kaserne  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Prussian Period (1814–1918), 1880–1899: Aachen, p. 20 .
  2. ↑ a b Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Prussian Period (1814–1918), 1880–1899: Aachen, p. 21 .
  3. ↑ a b Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Prussian Period (1814–1918), 1880–1899: Aachen, p. 23 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Holger A. Dux: Aachen from A to Z . Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-402-05465-5 .
  5. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Prussian Period (1814–1918), 1880–1899: Aachen, p. 22 .
  6. ^ Paul Wietzorek: The historical Aachen . Michael Imhof Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 3-86568-766-0 , p. 118 .
  7. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Prussian Period (1814–1918), 1900–1913: Aachen, p. 27 .
  8. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Prussian Period (1814–1918), 1900–1913: Aachen, p. 28 .
  9. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Prussian Period (1814–1918), 1914–1918: Aachen, p. 44 .
  10. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , period of occupation (1918–1929), 1918–1919: Aachen, p. 64 .
  11. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , Reichswehr / Wehrmacht (1930–1939), 1930–1935: Aachen, p. 85 .
  12. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , end of war in Aachen, p. 175 .
  13. ↑ Rainer Monnartz: The garrison and military history of the cities of Aachen, Eschweiler and Stolberg . 1814-1960. Helios, Aachen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86933-043-3 , post-war period (1945–1960), 1945–1960: Aachen, p. 185 .
  14. ↑ Dieter Jansen: How the East Quarter came about. In: Dieter's page. Retrieved August 18, 2017 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 12.7 "  N , 6 ° 6 ′ 50.4"  E