Chamois tanning
Chamois tanning is a type of fat tanning for the production of leather .
term
In order to derive the term, the engineer and museologist Günter Groß suspects a borrowing from the Dutch language , namely the word "seem", which means "soft".
technology
With this tanning of the skin ( nakedness ) of the animal, the preparatory work in the water workshop is carried out in a similar way to the traditionally common tanning process. The pelts are essentially cleaned, watered, limed ( ashed ), hair removed, fleshed , stained, painted and swollen. Then the actual tanning process can begin. This requires the use of non-washable fats and they must also contain unsaturated fatty acid compounds (mainly triglycerides ). In practice was and is Tran , further egg yolk , linseed oil and rapeseed oil (from Brassica nigra L.) used. The animals' own fats, whose skins can be used for leather production, are less suitable for this.
The fats used are rubbed and Sämischgerbung by the Gerber with the pelts tumbled . Here are water contents down from the skin and replaced by fat. In the handicraft technique, the pelts must be drummed for 1 to 1.5 days without interruption or the grease-drum cycle must be repeated six to twelve times. The immediate tanning process, i.e. H. The conversion of the skin into leather takes place during a subsequent process in which the pelts are placed on top of each other in a heating chamber, where they heat up through a chemical reaction between the trans and the collagen of the skin and take on a yellowish color. After that, excess or unused grease must be removed by hand processing with the help of a tool (Schlichtmond) or by washing out in an alkaline bath . This is followed by the finishing of the leather, which, like all other processes, consists of drying, mechanical processing of thickness and surface, softening and measurement.
The chamois tanning is one of the oldest tanning techniques. The tanning process produces a very soft leather that is often velvety to the touch.
In the variant of Old Siberian tanning , the hides, especially of game , are drummed through with cod liver oil , in this case cod liver oil, but generally called fish oil .
Another variant was the so-called Japanese leather , whereby mineral oils were used instead of the fish oil .
used material
By far the most common fatty substances for chamois tanning are trane . These are animal oils from various marine animals. Common oil comes from dolphins , sharks , sperm whales and other types of whales, seals and walruses . These oils are obtained from parts of these animals by heating and pressing. Their color and smell are different. The fatty substances extracted from the liver organs of cod are known as liver oils, but are also known as cod liver oil.
Individual evidence
- ^ Günter Groß : On the history of the tannery in Saxony . Dresden 2008, p. 27 ISBN 978-3-86530-113-0
- ↑ KH Bauer: The vegetable fats . In: Victor Grafe (Hrsg.) Et al .: Grafes Handbook of Organic Goods Science, Volume III / 2 Goods Science and Technology of Rubber, Animal and Vegetable Fats and Waxes . Stuttgart 1929, here: Rüböl, p. 285
- ^ A b Günter Groß: Dippoldiswalde Tanner Museum. The loader . Dippoldiswalde 1985, pp. 16, 20
- ↑ J. Dekker: Gerbstoffe. In: Victor Grafe (Hrsg.) Et al .: Grafes Handbook of Organic Goods, Volume III / 1 Goods and Technology of the Fermentation Industry, Fragrances, Organic Acids and Natural Dyes and Tannins. Stuttgart 1929, p. 667
- ↑ Paul Kersten : The exact book cover . Halle ad Saale, 1912, 2nd edition p. 9
- ↑ Kolesch tannery: Development of a deerskin from the rawhide to the finished deerskin pants . at www.gerberei-kolesch.de (accessed on February 25, 2018)
- ↑ A. Jolles: The fats and waxes . In: Victor Grafe (Hrsg.) Et al .: Grafes Handbook of Organic Goods Science, Volume III / 2 Goods Science and Technology of Rubber, Animal and Vegetable Fats and Waxes . Stuttgart 1929, here: Seetierfette, pp. 166–167