SAMPA
SAMPA or SAMPA [ sæmpə ] (abbr. For Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet [ spiːtʃ əsɛsmənt ˌmɛθədz fənɛtɪk ælfəbɛt ]) is the short name for an ASCII -based phonetics .
SAMPA was originally developed 1987–1989 as part of the European ESPRIT project 1541 SAM ( Speech Assessment Methods ) so that phonemic transcriptions of the official languages of the then European Community (in 1989, Danish, English, French, German, Italian and Dutch) can be electronically could transmit and process. Norwegian and Swedish (1992) as well as Greek, Portuguese and Spanish (1993) were added later. SAMPA has the British phonetician John C. Wells as his father, who acted in coordination with leading phoneticians and engineers from the countries involved. Since then, SAMPA has been widely used in phonetics and in the development of speech technology systems.
SAMPA is not an independent phonetic alphabet, but only encodes a subset of the IPA in ASCII, machine-readable and keyboard-friendly. This subset includes the phoneme symbols of the languages mentioned above insofar as they are required in lexicons, but not, like IPA, symbols for further pronunciation details. For this purpose, SAMPA assigns suitable 7- bit ASCII codes to the relevant symbols of the IPA . Attention was paid to similarities to IPA symbols so that not only machines but also humans could easily read texts in SAMPA. The SAMPA transcription codes are internationally standardized for the languages mentioned above .
In contrast to SAMPA, which was agreed upon in order to use it scientifically in phonetics and language technology and for technological development, the Unicode coding of the IPA is primarily aimed at reproduction in printed matter.
The Unicode IPA encoding is currently difficult to use in science and language technology for various reasons. On the one hand, the IPA symbols are scattered over several Unicode tables, on the other hand, there is a lack of ergonomically sensible input aids.
To fully encode the IPA, Wells developed X-SAMPA , eXtended SAMPA , in 1995 .
example
A text in normal German spelling, in SAMPA spelling and according to the International Phonetic Alphabet (for comparison):
| text | You took my breath away and I want it back. |
| SAMPA |
['du: 'hast 'mi:6 'de:n '?a:-t@m g@-'RaUpt '?Unt '?IC 'vIl '?i:n 'vi:-d6 'ha:-b@n] or [D_dU: h'AsT_t m-?'I6= D_d@n-? "a-T_t@m: G_g@-r"(au)B_bT_t]
|
| IPA |
[ˈduː ˈhast ˈmiːɐ̯ ˈdeːn ˈʔaːtəm gəˈʀaʊ̯pt ˈʔʊnt ˈʔɪç ˈvɪl ˈʔiːn ˈviːdɐˌhaːbən]
|
literature
Complete definitions and application examples of SAMPA and X-SAMPA can be found in the following manuals:
- Dafydd Gibbon, Roger Moore, Richard Winski (Eds.): Handbook of Standards and Resources for Spoken Language Systems. Volume 4, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1997, ISBN 3-11-015366-1 , pp. 684-732, digitized .
- Dafydd Gibbon, Inge Mertins, Roger Moore (Eds.): Handbook of Multimodal and Spoken Language Systems. Resources, Terminology and Product Evaluation. (= Kluwer international Series in Engineering and Computer Science. 565). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston MA et al. 2000, ISBN 0-7923-7904-7 .
Web links
- SAMPA reference
- IPA-SAMPA table with sound recordings from the Phonetic Laboratory of the University of Turin, Italy
See also
- Cyrillic alphabet (table of SAMPA values of Belarusian Cyrillic letters)
- X-SAMPA (eXtended SAMPA)
- IPA (phonetic transcription used in dictionaries for the languages of the world)