Sachem

Sachem ( Narragansett sachim ) refers to the Algonquian-speaking indigenous people of New England as the leader of a village community or " chief ", as every major Indian settlement in the region had. In English and later also in German , the name was also transferred to the Iroquois , although it is not common in their languages . In the more northern Algonquin tribes of the Atlantic coast, this function was called Sagamore .

Word stem in the Algonquin languages

According to John Smith , who traveled to New England in 1614, the Massachusett called their "kings" in the Massachusett language sachem , while the Penobscot in present-day Maine used the term sagamos (hence sagamore ).

Within the Algonquin languages there are the following word equations for the expression :

branch	language	word
East Algonquin languages	Great East Algonquin	* sākimāw
	Unami - Lenape	sakima (older: sakimaw )
	Narragansett	sâchim (from English sachem )
	East Abnaki	sakəma (from sagamore )
	Malecite-Passamaquoddy	sakom
	West Abnaki	sôgmô
Central Algonquian languages	Ur-Central Algonquin	* hākimāw
	Anishinaabe	ogimaa
	Algonquin	ogimà
	Ottawa	gimaa
	Potawatomi	wgema
	Northeast Cree	uchimaa
	Southeast Cree	uchimaa
	Naskapi	iiyuuchimaaw

Sachem as chief of peace with the Iroquois

Friedrich Engels made a distinction in his treatise on the "Irokesische Gens " between the sachem (chief of peace) and chief (war leader). He was elected by women and men from the same gens, with family affiliation following the maternal line. The sachem had only moral force and no means of coercion. A total of 50 sachems from the individual tribes sat together in the council of the Iroquois Federation.

Examples

Well-known examples of sachems are Massasoit , his son Metacomet, and Mahomet Weyonomon of the Mohegan tribe , who traveled to London in 1735 to ask King George II for fairer treatment of his people as their lands would be overrun by English settlers. Other sachems are Madockawando , Uncas and Wyandanch .

The Brotherhood of North American Indians and the Society of St. Tammany in New York City named their chairmen Great Sachem .

Individual evidence

^ Roger Williams : A Key into the Language of America: or, An help to the Language of the Natives in that part of America, called New-England, etc. Gregory Dexter, London 1643. Of the Family businesses, p. 34 . Túckiu Sáchim? Where is the Sachim? .
^ Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary . G. & C. Merriam Co, Springfield, Massachusetts 1973, ISBN 0-87779-308-5 , p. 1018.
↑ Life & Times: Squaw Sachem " , Hawthorne in Salem , The Daily Times Chronicle , Winchester Edition (MA) December 1999th
↑ sakima . In: Lenape Talking Dictionary . Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 19, 2011. @1@ 2

^ ^A ^b Ives Goddard: Eastern Algonquian languages . In: Bruce G. Trigger (Ed.): Northeast , William C. Sturtevant (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians , Volume 15. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 1978, p. 75.

↑ David A. Francis Sr. et al .: Maliseet - Passamaquoddy Dictionary . Mi'kmaq - Maliseet Institute.

^ Joseph Laurent (1884): New familiar Abenakis and English dialogues the first ever published on the grammatical system .

↑ John Nichols, Earl Nyholm: A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe . : University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis 1995.

↑ Ernest Mcgregor: Algonquian Lexicon . Kitigan Zibi Education Council, Maniwaki (Québec) 1994.

^ Richard A. Rhodes: Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary . Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1985.

↑ Luci Bobbish-Salt et al .: Northern East Cree Dictionary . Cree School Board, 2004-2006.

↑ Ella Neeposh et al .: Southern EastCree Dictionary . Cree School Board, 2004-2007.

↑ Marguerite MacKenzie, Bill Jancewicz: Naskapi lexicon ( Memento of the original from May 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2 archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Naskapi Development Corp., Kawawachikamach (Quebec) 1994.

↑ Friedrich Engels: The origin of the family, private property and the state. In: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels - works. Dietz Verlag, Berlin (capital of the GDR). Volume 21, 5th edition 1975, unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1962. pp. 85-97. Online: Marx / Engels works .

[1] Roger Williams : A Key into the Language of America: or, An help to the Language of the Natives in that part of America, called New-England, etc. Gregory Dexter, London 1643. Of the Family businesses, p. 34 . Túckiu Sáchim? Where is the Sachim? .

[2] Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary . G. & C. Merriam Co, Springfield, Massachusetts 1973, ISBN 0-87779-308-5 , p. 1018.

[3] Life & Times: Squaw Sachem " , Hawthorne in Salem , The Daily Times Chronicle , Winchester Edition (MA) December 1999th

[4] sakima . In: Lenape Talking Dictionary . Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 19, 2011. @1@ 2

[goddard-5] A ^b Ives Goddard: Eastern Algonquian languages . In: Bruce G. Trigger (Ed.): Northeast , William C. Sturtevant (Ed.): Handbook of North American Indians , Volume 15. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 1978, p. 75.

[6] David A. Francis Sr. et al .: Maliseet - Passamaquoddy Dictionary . Mi'kmaq - Maliseet Institute.

[7] Joseph Laurent (1884): New familiar Abenakis and English dialogues the first ever published on the grammatical system .

[8] John Nichols, Earl Nyholm: A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe . : University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis 1995.

[9] Ernest Mcgregor: Algonquian Lexicon . Kitigan Zibi Education Council, Maniwaki (Québec) 1994.

[10] Richard A. Rhodes: Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary . Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin 1985.

[11] Luci Bobbish-Salt et al .: Northern East Cree Dictionary . Cree School Board, 2004-2006.

[12] Ella Neeposh et al .: Southern EastCree Dictionary . Cree School Board, 2004-2007.

[13] Marguerite MacKenzie, Bill Jancewicz: Naskapi lexicon ( Memento of the original from May 27, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2 archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Naskapi Development Corp., Kawawachikamach (Quebec) 1994.

[14] Friedrich Engels: The origin of the family, private property and the state. In: Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels - works. Dietz Verlag, Berlin (capital of the GDR). Volume 21, 5th edition 1975, unchanged reprint of the 1st edition 1962. pp. 85-97. Online: Marx / Engels works .