Sakumon Daitai

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The Sakumon Daitai ( Japanese 作文 大体 , about basics of poetry , English. "Basics of Composition") is a Japanese poetics and a guide to the writing of Chinese poems ( Kanshi ) from the Heian period . The poetics includes a scroll ( maki ) and was probably written in 1108. The work has been extensively supplemented and revised twice so that the entire history of its origins extends back to the Muromachi period . The oldest surviving version was kept in the Kangan-in des Tō-ji (today in the library of Tenri University ). The actual author is unknown, but the work has been expanded and supplemented frequently over the course of time, which is why there are many different versions. It is known that the most extensive additions come from Fujiwara no Munetada (1062–1141) and Minamoto no Michichika . Munetada is therefore sometimes referred to as the editor.

In the preface of Sakumon Daitai the author refers to the now lost work, the Kanbun -Guide Wachu Setsuin ( 倭注切韻 , such as "rhyming dictionary (Qieyun) with Japanese annotations") supported by 939 Ōe no Asatsuna was written. Then ten points are listed that should be considered when writing Kanshi, followed by the four sections: “Fundamentals of writing skills” ( 筆 大体 ), “Essence of Kanshi poetry” ( 詩 本体 ), “Other forms of poetry ”( 雑 体 詩 ) and“ Examples of Kanshi and other poetry ”( 詩 雑 例 ).

Furthermore, in the edition of the Sakumon Daitai, which was formerly in the "Imperial Library Higashiyama" ( 東山 御 文庫 , Higashiyama Gobunko ) in the Kyōto Imperial Palace , but now in the "Ishikawa Takeyoshi Memorial Library" ( 石川武 美 記念 図 書館 , Ishikawa Takeyokanhi Kinen Toshan ), other sections such as the “four diseases (defects) of poetry” ( 詩 四 病 ) or “various forms of tunnel ” ( 諸 句 体 ). The first ten points and four sections mentioned are common to many versions of the Sakumon Daitai, but they differ in their writing style; Additions by later authors include not only explanations about poetry but also sections about prose . Such a text version, which was expanded during the Muromachi period, is kept in the " composite archive of the Kyōto prefecture ".

Eight Mistakes to Avoid When Writing Kanshi Poems:

  1. The first two characters of the first and last verses should not have a high pitch .
  2. The last character of two consecutive lines of verse should not have the same tone.
  3. The second and fourth characters of a verse should not both be high pitched.
  4. The second character of the first verse and the fourth character of the last verse should not both be high pitched.
  5. A verse should not end with three characters that all have the same tone.
  6. Two characters with the same meaning should not be used.
  7. No lines of verse of the same type should be used.
  8. Not too many and not too few characters should be used in a rhyme.

Web links

  • Massimiliano Tomasi: Rhetoric in Modern Japan: Western Influences on the Development of Narrative and Oratorical Style . University of Hawaii Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8248-2798-8 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 作文 大体 . In: 世界 大 百科 事 典 第 ２ 版 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 29, 2014 (Japanese).
  2. ↑ 作文 大体 . In: 大 辞 林 第三版 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 29, 2014 (Japanese).
  3. ↑ 作文 大体 . In: ブ リ タ ニ カ 国際 大 百科 事 典 小 項目 事 典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved December 29, 2014 (Japanese).
  4. ↑ Mikael S. Adolphson, Edward Kamens, Stacie Matsumoto (eds.): Heian Japan. Centers and Peripheries . University of Hawaii Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-8248-3013-7 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed December 30, 2014]): “Now the way of scholarship puts the composition of literature first. If you recite the Classics, but do not learn to compose poetry, then you may be called a mere bookcase and you will be useless. "
  5. ↑ after Ivo Smits, quoted from Massimiliano Tomasi: Rhetoric in Modern Japan. 2004, p. 29.